Appendix II.
Arbitrary groups comparison studies
| Study | Method | Comparison group | Country | % of female | Samples (%) | d+ | SDO α | SDO item |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicol et al. (2007) sample 1 | military vs. civilian | Canada | 29.0 | ColS; MA: 19.3 | −0.41 | 0.81 | 20 | |
| sample 2 | military vs. civilian | Canada | 30.7 | ColS; MA: 20 | −0.20 | 0.88 | 20 | |
| sample 3 | military vs. civilian | Canada | 30.9 | ColS; MA: 20 | 0.15 | 0.88 | 20 | |
| sample 4 | military vs. civilian | Canada | 33.3 | ColS; MA: 22.3 | 0.22 | 0.92 | 20 | |
| Dambrun, Guimond, & Duarte (2002) | CS; CS (p); FFS; MI | Major | France | 64.9 | ColS; MA: 22.6 | 1.06 | 0.81 | 10 |
| Dambrun, Kamiejski, Haddadi, & Duarte (2009) sample 1 | Major | France | 81.1 | ColS; MA: 20.7 | 0.11 | 0.88 | 6 | |
| sample 2 | Major | France | 81.0 | ColS; MA: 20.7 | 0.70 | 0.88 | 6 | |
| Guimond, Dambrun, Michinov, & Duarte (2003) | CS; FFS; MG | Major | France | 81.1 | ColS; MA: 19.8 | 0.39 | 0.86 | 16 |
| Bruess (2004) sample 1 | RS | R/E: Germans vs. Turks | German | 49.9 | HSS; MA: 17 | 0.15 | ||
| sample 2 | RS | R/E: Germans vs. Resettlers | German | 49.9 | HSS; MA: 17; 89 Wh; 11 As | 0.03 | ||
| Khan, & Jiu (2008) sample 1 | R/E: Hindu vs. Muslim | India | 33.3 | ColS; MA: 23.2 | −0.19 | 0.82 | 16 | |
| Levin, & Sidanius (1999) sample 2 | CS; FFS | R/E: Ashkenazic vs. Mizrachim | Israel | 58.8 | ColS | 0.30 | 0.72 | 8 |
| sample 3 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Israel Jew vs. Arab | Israel | 63.6 | ColS | 0.42 | 0.78 | 8 |
| Schleien (2009) sample 1 | R/E: Israeli vs. Palestinian | Israel | MA: 15.4 | −0.71 | 0.85 | 8 | ||
| sample 2 | R/E: Israeli vs. Arab | Israel | MA: 15.4 | −0.64 | 0.85 | 8 | ||
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| Roccato (2008) sample 1 | Major | Italy | 76.9 | ColS; MA: 20.4 | −0.29 | 0.82 | 14 | |
| sample 2 | Major | Italy | 76.9 | ColS; MA: 20.4 | −0.09 | 0.82 | 14 | |
| sample 3 | Major | Italy | 76.7 | ColS; MA: 20.4 | 0.20 | 0.82 | 14 | |
| Villano, & Zani (2007) | Education Level | Italy | 62.8 | GP; MA: 31 | 1.77 | 0.87 | 16 | |
| Khan, & Jiu (2008) sample 2 | R/E: Hindus vs. Muslims | Pakistan | 61.4 | GP; MA: 29.2 | −0.09 | 0.83 | 16 | |
| Golec, & Federico (2004) | CS; FFS; MI | Party: LPR vs. UW | Poland | 24.2 | GP; MA: 22 | 1.01 | 0.88 | 14 |
| Heaven, Greene, Stone, & Caputi (2000) | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | South Africa | ColS; 67.9 Wh; 32.1 Bl | 0.45 | 0.76 | 14 | |
| Meyer (2004) sample 1 | CS; FFS; MG | Language | South Africa | 60.2 | HSS; GP; MA: 25.8; 32 Wh; 33 Bl | −0.75 | 0.83 | 16 |
| sample 2 | CS; FFS; MG | Language | South Africa | 60.2 | HSS; GP; MA: 25.8; 32 Wh; 33 Bl | −0.54 | 0.83 | 16 |
| sample 3 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | South Africa | 60.2 | HSS; GP; MA: 25.8; 50 Wh; 50 Bl | −0.30 | 0.83 | 16 |
| sample 4 | CS; FFS; MG | Education Level | South Africa | 60.2 | HSS; GP; MA: 25.8; 32 Wh; 33 Bl | −0.27 | 0.83 | 16 |
| sample 5 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Colored | South Africa | 60.2 | HSS; GP; MA: 25.8; 49 Wh; 3 Bl | 0.14 | 0.83 | 16 |
| sample 6 | CS; FFS | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | South Africa | 63.0 | ColS; MA: 19.5; 65.1 Wh | 0.43 | 0.87 | 16 |
| sample 7 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Other | South Africa | 53.4 | GP; MA: 24.6; 48 Wh; 52 Bl | −0.24 | 0.86 | 16 |
| sample 8 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Colored | South Africa | 53.4 | GP; MA: 24.6; 50 Wh; 3 Bl | −0.12 | 0.86 | 16 |
| Rowatt, Franklin, & Cotton (2005) | CS; FFS; MI | R/E: Swedish vs. Immigrants | Sweden | 84.2 | ColS; MA: 19.6; 63 Wh; 12 Bl; 7 As; 10.5 La | −0.27 | 0.90 | 16 |
| Saucier, & Cawman (2004) | CS; FFS | Party Affiliation | Sweden | 65.1 | GP; MA: 25.8; 89.6 Wh | 0.67 | 4 | |
| Huang, & Liu (2005) sample 1 | CS; FFS | R/E: Mainlander vs. Hakka | Taiwan | 51.4 | ColS; MA: 29; 100 As | −0.07 | 0.81 | 14 |
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| sample 2 | CS; FFS | R/E: Mainlander vs. Minnan | Taiwan | 51.4 | ColS; MA: 29; 100 As | −0.04 | 0.81 | 14 |
| sample 3 | CS; FFS | R/E: Mainlander vs. Minnan | Taiwan | 51.5 | ColS; MA: 29; 100 As | −0.28 | 0.86 | 14 |
| sample 4 | CS; FFS | R/E: Mainlander vs. Hakka | Taiwan | 51.5 | ColS; MA: 29; 100 As | 0.15 | 0.86 | 14 |
| Liu, Huang, & McFedries (2008) | Party ID (KMT vs DDP) | Taiwan | 49.0 | ColS; Other; MA: 33.3 | 0.15 | 0.87 | 12 | |
| Dickins, & Sergeant (2008) | Sexual Orientation | UK | 25.8 | MA: 22 | 0.99 | 0.90 | 14 | |
| Aquino, Stewart, &Reed II (2005) sample 1 | CS; OSM; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Other | US | 54.1 | ColS; 89 Wh; 4 Bl; 7 La | 0.16 | 0.90 | 16 |
| sample 2 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Other | US | 45.0 | ColS; 91 Wh; 4 Bl; 5 La | 0.40 | 0.90 | 16 |
| Caldwell (2007) | Education Level | US | 64.6 | MA: 39; 84.6 Wh; 9.2 Bl; 3.1 La | −0.22 | 16 | ||
| Culhane, Hosch, & Heck (2008) sample 1 | Law Enforcement: Current vs. Future | US | 44.0 | ColS; Other; MA: 26.6; 18.2 Wh; 4.5 Bl; 75.4 La | 0.25 | 16 | ||
| sample 2 | Law Enforcement vs. Student | US | 43.7 | ColS; Other; MA: 26.6; 18.2 Wh; 4.5 Bl; 75.4 La | 0.37 | 16 | ||
| Fang, Sidanius, & Pratto (1998) sample 1 | RS; PS; MI | R/E: Wh vs. Hispanic American | US | 54.9 | GP; MA: 41; 57 Wh; 43 La | 0.95 | 0.65 | 4 |
| sample 2 | RS; PS; MI | R/E: Wh vs. As | US | 54.9 | GP; MA: 41; 69 Wh; 31 As | 0.70 | 0.65 | 4 |
| sample 3 | RS; PS; MI | R/E: Wh vs. Bl American | US | 54.9 | GP; MA: 41; 57 Wh; 43 Bl | 0.33 | 0.65 | 4 |
| Federico (1999) sample 1 | CS; FFS | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | US | 59.8 | ColS; MA: 21.5; 54.9 Wh; 45.1 Bl | 0.77 | 0.87 | 16 |
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| sample 2 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. La | US | 59.8 | ColS; MA: 21.5; 54 Wh; 46 La | 0.75 | 0.91 | 16 |
| Hailey (2005) (unpublished) | CS; FFS; MI | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | US | 33.0 | GP; MA: 35.4; 58.4 Wh; 41.6 Bl | 0.03 | 0.90 | 16 |
| Hayward (2001) sample 1 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Chinese American | US | 63.5 | ColS; MA: 20.2; 52 Wh; 48 As | −0.57 | 0.79 | 14 |
| sample 2 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Vietnamese American | US | 65.5 | ColS; MA: 20.5; 64 Wh; 36 As | −0.22 | 0.79 | 14 |
| sample 3 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Whs vs. Mexican American | US | 68.0 | ColS; MA: 20.6; 62 Wh; 38 La | 0.35 | 0.79 | 14 |
| sample 4 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. African American | US | 73.6 | ColS; MA: 21.9; 89 Wh; 11 Bl | 0.72 | 0.81 | 11 |
| sample 5 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Chinese Americans | US | 70.2 | ColS; MA: 20.8; 45 Wh; 55 As | −0.43 | 0.81 | 11 |
| sample 6 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Korean American | US | 71.4 | ColS; MA: 21.2; 61 Wh; 39 As | −0.17 | 0.81 | 11 |
| sample 7 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Mexican American | US | 70.3 | ColS; MA: 21.3; 56 Wh; 44 La | 0.27 | 0.81 | 11 |
| sample 8 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Vietnamese American | US | 70.6 | ColS; MA: 21.5; 65 Wh; 35 As | −0.28 | 0.81 | 11 |
| Jost, &Thompson (2000) sample 1 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | US | ColS; 78 Wh; 22 Bl | 0.48 | 16 | ||
| sample 2 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | US | ColS; 79 Wh; 21 Bl | 0.58 | 16 | ||
| sample 3 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | US | ColS; 79 Wh; 21 Bl | 0.62 | 16 | ||
| sample 4 | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | US | ColS; 77 Wh; 23 Bl | 0.44 | 16 | ||
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| Levin, & Sidanius (1999) sample 1 | CS; FFS | R/E: Wh vs. La | US | 55.9 | ColS; 55 Wh; 45 La | 0.70 | 0.90 | 16 |
| Lippa, & Arad (1999) sample 1 | CS; FFS; MI | R/E: Wh vs. La | US | 62.3 | ColS; MA: 18; 64 Wh; 36 La | 0.54 | 0.79 | 8 |
| sample 2 | CS; FFS; MI | R/E: Wh vs. As | US | 62.3 | ColS; MA: 18; 66 Wh; 34 As | −0.14 | 0.79 | 8 |
| McIntyre, et al. (2007) sample 1 | R/E: Wh vs. As | US | 43.3 | ColS; MA: 22; 74.5 Wh; 26 As | −0.14 | |||
| sample 2 | R/E: Wh vs. other | US | 43.0 | MA: 22; 87.5 Wh | 0.24 | |||
| sample 3 | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | US | 42.7 | MA: 22; 84.7 Wh; 15.3 Bl | 0.68 | |||
| Nelson, & Milburn (1999) | CS; FFS; MG | Party Affiliation | US | 60.4 | ColS; MA: 18.7; 84 Wh; 10 As | 0.50 | 0.83 | 14 |
| Pena, & Sidanius (2002) | SRS; PS; Int; MI | R/E: Wh vs. La | US | 57.4 | GP; 67.9 Wh; 32.1 La | 6 | ||
| Pratto, & Lemieux (2001) | Party Affiliation | US | 48.3 | GP; 85.2 Wh; 6 Bl; 9 As; 3.1 La | 1.32 | 0.72 | 6 | |
| Riley (2006) | R/E: Wh vs. Colored | US | 76.4 | ColS; 70.4 Wh; 20.4 Bl; 9.1 La | 0.63 | 0.85 | 16 | |
| Sabir (2006) sample 1 | R/E: Wh vs. Bl | US | 28.4 | 54.2 Wh; 21.5 Bl; 1 As; 21.5 La | −0.33 | 0.91 | 16 | |
| Sabir (2006) sample 2 | R/E: Wh vs. Hispanic | US | 28.4 | 54.2 Wh; 21.5 Bl; 1 As; 21.5 La | −0.18 | 0.91 | 16 | |
| Schmitt, Banscombe, & Kappen (2003) | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. Other | US | 52.1 | ColS; MA: 18.7; 90.1 Wh; 4 Bl; 5.9 La | 0.22 | 0.87 | 10 |
| Shorey, Cowan, & Sullivan (2002) | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Aanglo vs. Hispanic | US | 53.4 | ColS; MA: 26; 54.8 Wh; 45.2 La | 0.17 | 0.91 | 16 |
| Sinclair, Sidanius, & Levin (1998) | CS; FFS; MG | R/E: Wh vs. As | US | 56.0 | ColS; 43 Wh; 57 As | −0.09 | 0.77 | 4 |
| Umphress et al. (2008) sample 1 | R/E: Wh vs. Colored | US | 51.5 | ColS; MA: 21; 83.8 Wh; 2.9 Bl; 3 As; 8.8 La | 0.12 | 0.89 | 16 | |
| sample 2 | R/E: Wh vs. Colored | US | 59.5 | ColS; MA: 22; 79.7 Wh; 10.1 Bl; 1 As; 6.3 La | 0.10 | 0.92 | 16 | |
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| Umphress et al. (2007) | R/E: Wh vs. Colored | US | ColS; MA: 23; 70 Wh; 3 Bl; 11 As; 14 La | 0.67 | 0.89 | 16 | ||
| Worthington et al. (2008) | R/E: Wh vs. NonWh | US | 63.2 | ColS; Wh: 65.3; 18.1 Bl; 15 As; 4.9 La | 0.33 | 0.93 | 14 | |
RS=Random sample; SRS=Stratified random sample; CS=Convenience sample; (p)=purposive; MG=Measured in group; MI=Measured individually; FFS=Face to face survey; PS=Phone survey; Int=Interview; MS=Mail survey; OSM=Other survey method; OM=Online measure; ColS=College students; HSS=High school students; GP=General public; MA=Mean age; OEG=Other ethnic group; ColG=College graduates; HSG=High school graduates; GSG=Graduate School graduates; OEdu=Other education; Wh=White; Bl=Black; As=Asian; La=Latino