Table 5.

Multivariate analysis of handwashing indicators and acute respiratory illness prevalence

Characteristic	Bivariate odds ratio* (95% confidence limit)	Multivariate odds ratio* (95% confidence limit)	P value†
Cross-sectional survey (N = 13,334)
Water present at the most convenient place to wash hands	0.82 (0.70, 0.97)	0.84 (0.70, 0.99)	0.040
Child aged less than 24 months	1.75 (1.53, 2.00)	1.34 (1.19, 1.51)	< 0.001
Month since initiation of surveillance	0.95 (0.93, 0.96)	0.95 (0.94, 0.97)	< 0.001
Mother's education above primary	0.78 (0.65, 0.93)	0.78 (0.65, 0.94)	0.009
Handwashing demonstration (N = 9,946)
Air-dried hands during handwashing demonstration	0.40 (0.27, 0.60)	0.41 (0.26, 0.65)	< 0.001
Child aged less than 24 months	1.85 (1.59, 2.16)	1.41 (1.22, 1.62)	< 0.001
Month since initiation of surveillance	0.94 (0.93, 0.96)	0.95 (0.93, 0.97)	< 0.001
Mother's education above primary	0.77 (0.63, 0.95)	0.76 (0.60, 0.96)	0.024

^*Odds ratio was calculated using a generalized estimated equations model that accounted for neighborhood clustering and repeated household sampling using a nested correlation structure.

^†For the multivariate analysis.