Table 1.
Characteristics of 153 scrub typhus patients according to the APACHE II score*
| Variable | Total | APACHE II < 10 | APACHE II ≥ 10 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 153) | (N = 121) | (N = 32) | ||
| Age, median (IQR), year | 63 (49–71) | 59 (46–69) | 73 (65–83) | < 0.001 |
| Male sex | 63/153 (41.2) | 52/121 (43.0) | 11/32 (34.4) | 0.381 |
| Underlying diseases | 55/153 (35.9) | 31/121 (28.1) | 21/32 (65.6) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13/153 (8.5) | 4/121 (3.3) | 9/32 (28.1) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 33/153 (21.6) | 18/121 (14.9) | 15/32 (46.9) | < 0.001 |
| Others† | 23/153 (15.0) | 11/121 (9.1) | 12/32 (37.5) | < 0.001 |
| Antibiotic delay, days‡ | ||||
| Any Sx§ to antibiotics | 7 (4–9) | 7 (5–9) | 6 (3–10) | 0.362 |
| Fever from antibiotics | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 5 (3–10) | 0.733 |
| Rash from antibiotics | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–4) | 0.337 |
| Location of eschar, trunk | 94/151 (61.4) | 70/119 (58.8) | 24/32 (75.0) | 0.449 |
| Visit without diagnosis¶ | 110/153 (71.9) | 93/121 (76.9) | 17/32 (53.1) | 0.01 |
| Genotypes | ||||
| Boryong | 105/153 (68.6) | 82/121 (67.8) | 23/32 (71.9) | 0.656 |
| Taguchi + Kanda/Kawasaki | 44/153 (28.6) | 37/121 (30.6) | 7/32 (21.9) | 0.336 |
| Serum OPN > 100 ng/mL | 55/146 (35.9) | 34/114 (29.8) | 21/32 (65.6) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| WBC, > 10K or < 4 K/mm3 | 57/153 (37.3) | 43/121 (35.5) | 14/32 (43.8) | 0.394 |
| Hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL | 8/153 (5.2) | 1/121 (0.8) | 7/32 (21.9) | 0.001 |
| Platelet ≤ 100 K/mm3 | 37/153 (24.2) | 24/121 (19.8) | 13/32 (40.6) | 0.017 |
| AST > 40 IU/L | 127/153 (83.0) | 97/121 (80.2) | 30/32 (93.8) | 0.087 |
| ALT > 40 IU/L | 114/153 (74.5) | 87/121 (71.9) | 27/32 (84.4) | 0.157 |
| Serum albumin ≤ 3.0 g/dL | 34/153 (22.2) | 19/121 (15.7) | 15/32 (46.9) | < 0.001 |
| CRP > 10 mg/dL | 39/140 (27.9) | 23/109 (21.1) | 16/31 (51.6) | 0.001 |
| Potassium ≤ 3.5 mmol/L | 35/153 (22.9) | 24/121 (19.8) | 11/32 (34.4) | 0.086 |
| LDH > 800 IU/L | 36/140 (25.7) | 26/108 (24.1) | 10/32 (31.3) | 0.416 |
| Serum Cr > 2.0 mg/dL | 3/153 (2.0) | 1/121 (0.8) | 2/32 (6.3) | 0.095 |
| ESR > 20 mm/hr | 55/128 (43.0) | 42/99 (42.4) | 13/29 (44.8) | 0.818 |
IQR = interquartile range; OPN = serum osteopontin; WBC = white blood cell; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; CRP = C-reactive protein; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
“Others” indicates a group of less frequent chronic diseases including congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver disease, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Indicates the time between the appearance of scrub typhus-related clinical manifestations and the administration of appropriate antibiotics.
“Any Sx” indicates any kind of scrub typhus-related clinical manifestation.
Patients who visited the hospitals by themselves or who were referred from primary hospitals without initial clinical suspicion of scrub typhus.