Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1982 Mar 11;10(5):1771–1780. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.5.1771

A pseudogene cluster in the leader region of the Euglena chloroplast 16S-23S rRNA genes.

T Miyata, R Kikuno, Y Ohshima
PMCID: PMC320565  PMID: 7041094

Abstract

The nucleotide sequence of a region (leader region) preceding the 5'-end of 16S-23S rRNA gene region of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA was compared with the homologous sequences that code for the 16S-23S rRNA operons of Euglena and E. coli. The leader region shows close homology in sequence to the 16S-23S rRNA gene region of Euglena (Orozco et al. (1980) J. Biol.Chem. 255, 10997-11003) as well as to the rrnD operon of E. coli, suggesting that it was derived from the 16S-23S rRNA gene region by gene duplication. It was shown that the leader region had accumulated nucleotide substitutions at an extremely rapid rate in its entirety, similar to the rate of tRNAIle pseudogene identified in the leader region. In addition, the leader region shows an unique base content which is quite distinct from those of 16S-23S rRNA gene regions of Euglena and E. coli, but again is similar to that of the tRNAIle pseudogene. The above two results strongly suggest that the leader region contains a pseudogene cluster which was derived from a gene cluster coding for the functional 16S-23S rRNA operon possibly by imperfect duplication during evolution of Euglena chloroplast DNA.

Full text

PDF
1771

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bentley D. L., Rabbitts T. H. Human immunoglobulin variable region genes--DNA sequences of two V kappa genes and a pseudogene. Nature. 1980 Dec 25;288(5792):730–733. doi: 10.1038/288730a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Denison R. A., Van Arsdell S. W., Bernstein L. B., Weiner A. M. Abundant pseudogenes for small nuclear RNAs are dispersed in the human genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):810–814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.2.810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dover G., Coen E. Springcleaning ribosomal DNA: a model for multigene evolution? Nature. 1981 Apr 30;290(5809):731–732. doi: 10.1038/290731a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Givol D., Zakut R., Effron K., Rechavi G., Ram D., Cohen J. B. Diversity of germ-line immunoglobulin VH genes. Nature. 1981 Jul 30;292(5822):426–430. doi: 10.1038/292426a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Goeddel D. V., Leung D. W., Dull T. J., Gross M., Lawn R. M., McCandliss R., Seeburg P. H., Ullrich A., Yelverton E., Gray P. W. The structure of eight distinct cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNAs. Nature. 1981 Mar 5;290(5801):20–26. doi: 10.1038/290020a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Graf L., Kössel H., Stutz E. Sequencing of 16S--23S spacer in a ribosomal RNA operon of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA reveals two tRNA genes. Nature. 1980 Aug 28;286(5776):908–910. doi: 10.1038/286908a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Haynes J. R., Rosteck P., Jr, Schon E. A., Gallagher P. M., Burks D. J., Smith K., Lingrel J. B. The isolation of the beta A-, beta C-, and gamma-globin genes and a presumptive embryonic globin gene from a goat DNA recombinant library. J Biol Chem. 1980 Jul 10;255(13):6355–6367. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jacq C., Miller J. R., Brownlee G. G. A pseudogene structure in 5S DNA of Xenopus laevis. Cell. 1977 Sep;12(1):109–120. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90189-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jahn C. L., Hutchison C. A., 3rd, Phillips S. J., Weaver S., Haigwood N. L., Voliva C. F., Edgell M. H. DNA sequence organization of the beta-globin complex in the BALB/c mouse. Cell. 1980 Aug;21(1):159–168. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90123-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kimura M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol. 1980 Dec;16(2):111–120. doi: 10.1007/BF01731581. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Korn L. J., Brown D. D. Nucleotide sequence of Xenopus borealis oocyte 5S DNA: comparison of sequences that flank several related eucaryotic genes. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1145–1156. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90042-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lacy E., Maniatis T. The nucleotide sequence of a rabbit beta-globin pseudogene. Cell. 1980 Sep;21(2):545–553. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90492-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Li W. H., Gojobori T., Nei M. Pseudogenes as a paradigm of neutral evolution. Nature. 1981 Jul 16;292(5820):237–239. doi: 10.1038/292237a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Miyata T., Hayashida H. Extraordinarily high evolutionary rate of pseudogenes: evidence for the presence of selective pressure against changes between synonymous codons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5739–5743. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5739. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Miyata T., Yasunaga T., Nishida T. Nucleotide sequence divergence and functional constraint in mRNA evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7328–7332. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7328. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Miyata T., Yasunaga T. Rapidly evolving mouse alpha-globin-related pseudo gene and its evolutionary history. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jan;78(1):450–453. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.1.450. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nishioka Y., Leder A., Leder P. Unusual alpha-globin-like gene that has cleanly lost both globin intervening sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 May;77(5):2806–2809. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2806. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ohshima Y., Okada N., Tani T., Itoh Y., Itoh M. Nucleotide sequences of mouse genomic loci including a gene or pseudogene for U6 (4.8S) nuclear RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Oct 10;9(19):5145–5158. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.19.5145. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Orozco E. M., Jr, Gray P. W., Hallick R. B. Euglena gracilis chloroplast ribosomal RNA transcription units. I. The location of transfer RNA, 5 S, 16 S, and 23 S ribosomal RNA genes. J Biol Chem. 1980 Nov 25;255(22):10991–10996. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Orozco E. M., Jr, Rushlow K. E., Dodd J. R., Hallick R. B. Euglena gracilis chloroplast ribosomal RNA transcription units. II. Nucleotide sequence homology between the 16 S--23 S ribosomal RNA spacer and the 16 S ribosomal RNA leader regions. J Biol Chem. 1980 Nov 25;255(22):10997–11003. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Proudfoot N. J., Maniatis T. The structure of a human alpha-globin pseudogene and its relationship to alpha-globin gene duplication. Cell. 1980 Sep;21(2):537–544. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90491-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Rochaix J. D., Malnoe P. Anatomy of the chloroplast ribosomal DNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Cell. 1978 Oct;15(2):661–670. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90034-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sekiya T., Nishimura S. Sequence of the gene for isoleucine tRNA1 and the surrounding region in a ribosomal RNA operon of Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Feb;6(2):575–592. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.2.575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Vanin E. F., Goldberg G. I., Tucker P. W., Smithies O. A mouse alpha-globin-related pseudogene lacking intervening sequences. Nature. 1980 Jul 17;286(5770):222–226. doi: 10.1038/286222a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Young R. A., Macklis R., Steitz J. A. Sequence of the 16 S-23 s spacer region in two ribosomal RNA operons of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1979 May 10;254(9):3264–3271. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES