Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of low and high irritable depressed patients: univariate results.
| Low irritable (N = 493) | High irritable (N = 420) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic features | |||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 43.4 ± 12.3 | 40.7 ± 11.7 | η 2 = .012* |
| Sex (% female) | 65.9 | 65.7 | OR = 0.99 (CI: 0.75–0.30) |
| Recruited from: | |||
| Specialized mental health care (%) | 45.2 | 58.6 | OR = 1.71** (CI: 1.32–2.23) |
| Community + primary care (%) | 54.8 | 41.4 | |
|
| |||
| Clinical features | |||
| Age of onset (mean ± SD)‡ | 28.6 ± 13.1 | 26.6 ± 12.2 | η 2 = .006* |
| Smoking (% yes) | 43.4 | 48.1 | OR = 1.21 (CI: 0.93–1.57) |
| Alcohol (% recent abuse and/or dependence) | 8.5 | 8.1 | OR = 0.95 (CI: 0.59–1.52) |
| Comorbid anxiety (CIDI diagnosis%) | 73.6 | 80.2 | OR = 1.45* (CI: 1.06–1.99) |
| GAD (%) | 24.9 | 36.7 | OR = 1.74** (CI: 1.31–2.31) |
| Panic disorder (%) | 22.7 | 37.1 | OR = 2.01** (CI: 1.51–2.68) |
| Social phobia (%) | 26.2 | 39.0 | OR = 1.82** (CI: 1.37–2.39) |
| IDS total score (mean ± SD)a | 27.8 ± 10.1 | 37.7 ± 9.5 | η 2 = .204** |
| First degree family history with depression (%) | 84.4 | 85.0 | OR = 1.05 (CI: 0.73–1.51) |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory (mean ± SD) | 15.8 ± 9.4 | 23.8 ± 11.4 | η 2 = .128** |
| Suicidality (% ≥1 attempt during lifetime) | 17.4 | 25.2 | OR = 1.60* (CI: 1.16–2.20) |
|
| |||
| Low irritable (N = 202) | High irritable (N = 138) | ||
|
| |||
| MDQ (% yes) | |||
| Elated mood | 28.8 | 32.0 | OR = 1.20 (CI: 0.88–1.64) |
| Increased self-confidence | 39.4 | 39.9 | OR = 1.02 (CI: 0.76–1.37) |
| Less sleep needed | 42.0 | 44.0 | OR = 1.09 (CI: 0.81–1.45) |
| More and/or faster speech | 50.7 | 57.5 | OR = 1.34 (CI: 1.01–1.79)* |
| Racing thoughts | 75.6 | 84.5 | OR = 1.84 (CI: 1.27–2.68)* |
| Concentration problems | 74.6 | 85.3 | OR = 2.06 (CI: 1.41–3.00)** |
| More energy | 44.6 | 45.7 | OR = 1.06 (CI: 0.80–1.42) |
| Increased activity | 49.8 | 48.7 | OR = 0.98 (CI: 0.73–1.30) |
| Heightened sociability | 23.9 | 28.4 | OR = 1.27 (CI: 0.92–1.76) |
| Increased libido | 29.1 | 32.8 | OR = 1.20 (CI: 0.88–1.64) |
| Risk taking | 25.8 | 32.8 | OR = 1.41 (CI: 1.03–1.93) |
| Financial risk taking | 13.4 | 18.2 | OR = 1.45 (CI: 0.98–2.14) |
| bNEO FFI (mean ± SD) | |||
| Neuroticism | 40.6 ± 6.6 | 45.2 ± 6.1 | η 2 = .009* |
| Extraversion | 33.9 ± 6.7 | 31.1 ± 6.6 | η 2 = .001 |
| Openness | 31.1 ± 5.0 | 30.1 ± 6.0 | η 2 = .003 |
| Agreeableness | 43.5 ± 5.1 | 41.0 ± 5.6 | η 2 = .022** |
| Conscientiousness | 35.3 ± 6.2 | 34.3 ± 6.3 | η 2 = .001 |
|
| |||
| Low irritable (N = 427) | High irritable (N = 341) | ||
|
| |||
| bLEIDS-R (mean ± SD) | |||
| Hopelessness | 6.8 ± 4.8 | 9.2 ± 5.2 | η 2 < .001 |
| Acceptance | 1.9 ± 2.2 | 2.0 ± 2.6 | η 2 = .002 |
| Aggression | 5.0 ± 4.3 | 8.6 ± 5.1 | η 2 = .049** |
| Control | 6.4 ± 3.8 | 7.3 ± 4.1 | η 2 < .001 |
| Risk aversion | 10.6 ± 4.5 | 12.0 ± 4.6 | η 2 = .001 |
| Rumination | 11.4 ± 4.7 | 13.5 ± 4.2 | η 2 = .002 |
| Total score | 42.2 ± 17.5 | 52.7 ± 17.3 | η 2 = .004 |
*.05 < P >.001.
**P < .001.
‡ N = 751 (low irritable. N = 382, high irritable, N = 369).
aIDS-SR total score minus the score on the irritability item.
bControlled for current symptoms (IDS-total minus item 6), gender, and age.