Table 2.

Association of Proinflammatory Markers and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with Demographic and Clinical Variables

	hsCRP (μg/mL)	IL-6 (μg/mL)	BDNF (ng/mL)
Age	ra = −0.1	r = 0.1	r = 0.0
	3.3 ± 5.0 vs. 2.4 ± 3.6	1.4 ± 0.9 vs. 1.2 ± 0.7	24.9 ± 4.1 vs. 26.2 ± 6.6
Morning versus afternoon blood draw	db = 0.2	d = 0.2	d = 0.2
	3.5 ± 5.0 vs. 1.8 ± 1.0	1.2 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.8	26.4 ± 6.2 vs. 23.5 ± 3.3
Male versus female	d = 0.4	d = −0.1	d = 0.5
	2.8 ± 4.3 vs. 4.4 ± 5.5	1.3 ± 0.8 vs. 1.2 ± 0.6	25.4 ± 5.9 vs. 27.1 ± 5.6
White versus non-White race	d = −0.3	d = 0.0	d = −0.3
	4.9 ± 5.2 vs. 2.0 ± 3.8	1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 1.1 ± 0.6	24.6 ± 4.3 vs. 26.6 ± 6.6
Obese versus nonobese	d = 0.6	d = 0.7	d = −0.3
	3.6 ± 4.9 vs. 3.0 ± 4.5	1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 1.2 ± 0.7	25.9 ± 6.5 vs. 25.7 ± 5.6
Abuse historyc	d = 0.1	d = 0.6	d = 0.0
	4.1 ± 5.6 vs. 1.8 ± 1.5	1.3 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7	25.1 ± 4.1 vs. 26.8 ± 7.8
Family history of hypomania/maniac	d = 0.5	d = 0.0	d = 0.3
	1.9 ± 2.0 vs. 4.1 ± 6.0	1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.5 ± 1.0	25.1 ± 5.1 vs. 27.2 ± 7.0
BP-I versus BP-NOS	d = −0.5	d = −0.6	d = −0.4
	2.4 ± 3.7 vs. 4.2 ± 5.6	1.3 ± 0.7 vs. 1.3 ± 0.9	25.0 ± 5.7 vs. 27.0 ± 6.0
Second-generation antipsychoticc	d = −0.4	d = 0.0	d = −0.3
	1.2 ± 1.0 vs. 4.0 ± 5.2	1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.8	26.2 ± 7.0 vs. 25.6 ± 5.4
Lithium and/or divalproex sodiumc	d = −0.7	d = −0.5	d = 0.1
	1.0 ± 1.1 vs. 4.6 ± 5.4	1.1 ± 0.7 vs. 1.4 ± 0.8	26.6 ± 7.2 vs. 25.3 ± 4.9
Psychostimulantc	d = −0.5	d = −0.4	d = 0.2
	1.0 ± 0.6 vs. 3.8 ± 5.0	1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.8	28.1 ± 6.6 vs. 25.1 ± 5.5
Antidepressantc	d = −0.7	d = −0.5	d = 0.5

^aSpearman's r correlation coefficient.

^bCohen's d effect size.

^cPresent versus absent.

hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor.