Table 9.
Survey of LC×LC literature.
| Mode combinations | Columns | Mobile phases | Analysis time (min) | Applications | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RP and RP | RP × RP | CN × monolith C18 | Gradient methanol × stepped acetonitrile | 220 | Pharmaceutical: constituents in Adinandra nitida | [135] |
| RP × RP | HS-F5 × carbon clad zirconia | Gradient acetonitrile × gradient acetonitrile | 30 | Corn metabolomics | [10] | |
| RP-temperature gradient interaction chromatogra phy (RP-TGIC) × RP (LC-CC) | C18 × C18 | Isocratic CH2Cl2/CH3CN | - | Branched polystyrenes (PS) | [136] | |
| RP × RP | Monolith C18 × monolith C18 | Isocratic (gradient) water and tetrahydrofuran (THF) × isocratic (gradient) water and methanol | 60 | Aromatic compounds | [137] | |
| RP × RP | C5 × C18 | Gradient acetonitrile (TFA) × gradient formic acid, IPA, methanol, acetonitrile | - | peptide Purification | [138] | |
| RP × RP | X-terra C18 × SB-Phenyl | Gradient acetonitrile, TFA | 20 | proteomics | [139] | |
| RP × RP | ODS-AQ × monolith C18 | Gradient acetonitrile, TFA | 40 | mixture of some aromatic amines and non-amines | [140] | |
| RP × RP | C18 × carbon clad zirconia (CCZ) | Methanol × acetonitrile | 250 | complex mixt. of oligostyrenes | [141] | |
| RP × RP | CN × C18 | Gradient methanol × step acetonitrile (TFA) | 200 | Pharmaceutical: traditional Chinese medicines | [142] | |
| NP and RP | NP × RP | microbore silica × monolithic C18 | Gradient n-hexane and ethyl alcohol × gradient 2-propanol, acetonitrile, water | > 160 | Orange essential oil and juice carotenoids | [143] |
| RP × NP (HILIC) | C18 microbore × aminopropyl silica | gradient acetonitrile × isocratic ethanol-dichloromethane-water | 120 | Polymers: ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EO-PO) (co)oligomers | [144] | |
| NP × RP | microbore silica × monolithic C18 | Isocratic n-hexane/ethylacetate × gradient water/ACN | 50 | Lemon oil | [145] | |
| RP and IEC | RP × IEC (SCX) | C18 × parallel 48-plexed SCX | Gradient acetonitrile (TFA) × gradient acetonitrile (phosphate, KCl) | - | Proteomics | [146] |
| IEC (SCX) × RP | SCX micro-trap × Poroshell 300SB-C18 | Acetonitrile, water, TFA | - | Proteomics: phosphopeptides enrichment | [147] | |
| IEC (SCX) × RP | PO4-zirconia × SB-C18 | Gradient sodium phosphate × gradient acetonitrile (TFA) | 20 | Tryptic peptides | [132] | |
| IEC (SAX) × RP | PL-SAX × polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) RP | pH gradient × pH gradient | - | Proteomics: | [148] | |
| (IEC) SCX × RP | PolyLC-SCX × C18 on chip | Stepped ammonium acetate salt × gradient acetonitrile | > 480 | proteomics | [149] | |
| IEC × RP | polymeric beads bonded with diethylaminoethyl and sulfonic acid groups × C18 | gradient KH2PO4 × gradient acetonitrile (TFA) | 20 | proteomics | [150] | |
| IEC (SCX) × RP | BioX-SCX × C18 | stepped NaCl salt solution × gradient acetontrile solution | > 600 | identify tryptic peptides from the immunoprecipitate | [151] | |
| IEC (SCX) × RP | - | Stepped ammonium chloride salt × gradient acetonitrile | - | proteomics | [152] | |
| IEC (SCX) × RP | - | Stepped NH4Cl salt × gradient acetonitrile (formic acid) | - | proteomics | [153] | |
| IEC (SCX) × RP | BioX-SCX × C18 | Stepped ammonium acetate salt solutions × gradient acetonitrile, formic acid solutions | > 720 | Quantitative Proteomic Study of PUMA-Induced Apoptosis | [154] | |
| IEC (SCX) × RP | microbore SCX × C18 (both monolith and particle) | gradient water (acetic acid) and acetonitrile × gradient of water and acetonitrile | 90 | aerosols | [155] | |
| IEC (SAX) × RP | Quaternary amine-SAX × C18 | Stepped guanidine thiocyanate.salt × gradient acetonitrile | 2400 | peptides | [156] | |
| NP and SEC | NP (LC-CC) × SEC | Alltech Platinum Silica × HSPgel-RT MB-L/M | chloroform/diethylether × chloroform | - | Polymer: degradation product of poly(bisphenol A)carbonate (PC) | [157] |
| NP × SEC | Hypersil “bare” silica× PLgel | Isocratic 48% ACN in DCM × THF | 90 | Polymer characterization: poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) | [130] | |
| NP × SEC | Hypersil “bare” silica × Mixed-C | Isocratic THF–hexane × THF | 240 | Polymer: polystyrene (PS) | [158] | |
| RP and SEC | SEC × RP | G2000SWXL × BDS-C18 | Water (TFA) × gradient acetontrile (TFA) | 320 | peptides | [129,159] |
| RP × SEC | NovaPak silica × HSPgel | Gradient × THF | 300 | analysis of a series of styrene-methylacrylate (SMA) copolymers | [74] | |
| Gradient polymer elution chromatography (GPEC) × SEC | - | - | - | characterize functionality of hydroxy-telechelic polystyrene | [160] | |
| Affinity and RP | Affinity (silver) × RP | Silver-microbore × monolith C18 | Gradient acetonitrile and hexane × gradient isopropanol and acetonitrile | 150 | characterization of the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction of a very complex lipidic sample: donkey milk fat. | [145] |
| Affinity (titania) × RP | Titania column × monolith C18 | Gradient potassium phosphate × gradient acetonitrile (TFA) | 30 | phosphopeptides | [161] | |
| Affinity (Silver) × RP | Silver column × monolith C18 | isocratic 0.7% (v/v) acetonitrile in n-hexane × gradient isopropanol and acetonitrile | 140 | Food analysis: rice oil | [162] | |
| IEC and SEC | IEC (SCX) × SEC | - | Gradient buffer × isocratic buffer | 240 | protein | [6] |