Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Total (n = 43,305) | No CKD (n = 38,069, 87.9%) | CKD (n = 5236, 12.1%) | P Value for Comparison | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60 (52, 69) | 59 (51, 68) | 69 (62, 75) | <0.01 |
| Male gender | 20,010 (46.2%) | 18,139 (47.7%) | 1871 (35.7%) | <0.01 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| African American | 2352 (5.4%) | 2128 (5.6%) | 224 (4.3%) | <0.01 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 2573 (5.9%) | 2285 (6.0%) | 288 (5.5%) | 0.14 |
| Caucasian | 23,326 (53.9%) | 20,057 (52.7%) | 3269 (62.4%) | <0.01 |
| other | 1297 (3.0%) | 1155 (3.0%) | 142 (2.7%) | 0.19 |
| missing | 13,757 (31.8%) | 12,444 (32.7%) | 1313 (25.1%) | <0.01 |
| Period of observation, months | 44.0 (28.6, 60.1) | 45.8 (30.0, 61.4) | 33.2 (21.0, 47.3) | <0.01 |
| Number of creatinine measurements | 6 (4, 9) | 5 (4, 8) | 11 (8, 17) | <0.01 |
| Number of BP measurements per year of follow-up | 3.2 (2.0, 4.9) | 3.1 (2.0, 4.8) | 3.7 (2.4, 5.5) | <0.01 |
| Number of primary care visits per year of follow-up | 3.5 (2.3, 5.4) | 3.3 (2.2, 5.1) | 4.9 (3.1, 7.6) | <0.01 |
| Number of hospitalizations per year of follow-up | 0 (0, 0.4) | 0 (0, 0.4) | 0 (0, 0.6) | <0.01 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| diabetes | 8154 (18.8%) | 6753 (17.7%) | 1401 (26.8%) | <0.01 |
| coronary heart disease | 5419 (12.5%) | 4408 (11.6%) | 1011 (19.3%) | <0.01 |
| cerebrovascular disease | 1480 (3.4%) | 1201 (3.2%) | 279 (5.3%) | <0.01 |
| congestive heart failure | 1872 (4.3%) | 1432 (3.8%) | 440 (8.4%) | <0.01 |
| peripheral vascular disease | 56 (0.1%) | 44 (0.1%) | 12 (0.2%) | 0.05 |
| eGFR, baseline (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 82.0 (72.1, 92.9) | 83.6 (73.6, 94.2) | 71.6 (65.7, 80.1) | <0.01 |
| Baseline systolic BP | 132 (122, 145) | 132 (122, 144) | 138 (126, 150) | <0.01 |
| Baseline diastolic blood pressure BP | 80 (76, 90) | 81 (76, 90) | 80 (72, 88) | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure BP, time-weighted | 132.1 (125.0, 139.8) | 131.7 (124.7, 139.2) | 135.7 (128.0, 144.0) | <0.01 |
| ACEI or ARB at baseline | 15,945 (36.8%) | 13,518 (35.5%) | 2427 (46.4%) | <0.01 |
| LDL cholesterol (n = 41822) | 113.4 (94.5, 132.4) | 113.8 (94.8, 132.7) | 110.4 (92.7, 130.5) | <0.01 |
| HDL cholesterol (n = 37083) | 51.2 (42.7, 62.5) | 51.2 (42.7, 62.5) | 52.0 (42.9, 63.0) | 0.18 |
| A1c-DM subpopulation (n = 9796) | 7.1 (6.5, 8.1) | 7.1 (6.5, 8.1) | 7.3 (6.6, 8.2) | <0.01 |
The data are presented as medians (interquartile range) or n values (%). Chi-squared likelihood ratio test was used for categorical variable tests of significance. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for continuous variable tests of significance. CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated GFR; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DM, diabetes mellitus.