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. 2011 Nov 1;6(11):e27119. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027119

Figure 2. Dendogram analysis showing the relationship of SmGBP with structurally related receptors from S. mansoni and other species.

Figure 2

The amino acid sequences were aligned using the ClustalW method and a Neighbor-Joining Best Tree was constructed from the multiple sequence alignment. Included in the alignment are representative examples of all major groups of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR Groups I, II, III), an insect-specific group of mGluRs (Group X) and several flatworm mGluR-like sequences. For comparison, we also included other types of metabotropic (Family C) G protein-coupled receptors (calcium-sensing, taste and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors) along with bacterial periplasmic binding proteins (PBP) as the outgroup. Five bacterial PBP sequences were included in the alignment (Accession # AAC13287, AAM84023; BAB40635; ZP_03825963; YP_011745770) but they were omitted from the tree for simplicity. The tree was rooted to one of the bacterial PBPs (Accession # YP_011745770) and was tested by bootstrap analysis with 1000 iterations. The length of the branches is proportional to the genetic distance between sequences and bootstrap values (normalized to 100) are provided for selected key branches. Sjp_0022600 (SjmGluR7) and Sjp_0088520 (SjGBP) are predicted protein sequences obtained from the S. japonicum genome database [14] available at GeneDB (http://www.genedb.org/); V31.015264 is a prediction from the Schmidtea mediterranea genome database (http://smedgd.neuro.utah.edu) [26]. The remaining protein sequences were obtained from the general database available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and are identified by their corresponding accession numbers. Species abbreviations are as follows: Aa, Aedes aegypti; Ag, Anopheles gambiae; Am, Apis mellifera; As, Ascaris suum; CEL, Caenorhabditis elegans; Dd, Dictyostelium discoideum; Dm, Drosophila melanogaster; Dr, Danio rerio; Dv, Drosophila virilis; Pp, Pongo pygmaeus; Sk, Saccoglossus kowalevskii; Sm, Schistosoma mansoni; Sj, Schistosoma japonicum. The truncated flatworm receptors are boxed and the S. mansoni sequences are identified by arrowheads. mGluR, metabotropic glutamate receptor; GBP, glutamate binding protein (truncated mGluR).