Table 4.

Combined Treatments

Study Characteristics: Author/Yr N Design-Quality Score	Population	Treatment
		Treatment	Dosage/Frequency	Time post Injury
Kolessar et al. 1996 N=17 Case series-D&B=15	BI	Excision/Indomethacin/Etidronate	Indomethacin (75 mg/day) + Etidronate (20 mg/kg/day)	Mean of 30 months
Fuller et al. 2005 N=17 Case series-D&B=14	BI	Excision/Etidronate	20 mg/kg body weight for 2 months	Not stated
Lazarus et al. 1999 N=24 Pre-Post-D&B=13	BI	Excision/Indomethacin	Indomethacin 25–50mg	Average of 35.4 months
Ippolito et al. 1999a N=12 Pre-Post-D&B=12	BI	Excision	N/A	Not stated
Moore 1993 N=17 Case series-D&B=9	BI	Excision/Etidronate	10mg/kg body weight per day for 3 months	Not stated
Schuetz et al. 2005 N=5 Case studies-D&B=9	SCI	Excision/Pamidronate	120 mg for 12 hrs post surgery and then increase over 6–14 days.	Not stated
Subbarao et al. 1987 N=5 Case series-D&B=8	SCI	Excision/Etidronate	20 mg/kg body weight preoperatively for 10–14 days 10 mg/kg body weight post-operatively for at least 3 months	Not stated
Kolessar et al. 1996 N=17 Case series-D&B=15	BI	Excision/Indomethacin/Etidronate	Indomethacin (75 mg/day) + Etidronate (20 mg/kg/day)	Mean of 30 months
Charnley et al. 1996 N=5 Case series-D&B=9	BI	Excision/Indomethacin	Not stated	Over 18 months
De Palma et al. 2002 N=10 Case series-D&B=8	BI	Excision/Indomethacin/active motion therapy	25 mg 3 times a day for 6 weeks	18–20 months