Table 4.

Summary of randomized control trials involving chemotherapy for high-risk localized prostate cancer.

Study (reference)	Chemo sequencing	Chemo regimen	Study arms	Number of patients	High-risk criteria
					Stage	Gleason	PSA
RTOG 9902 [14]	Adjuvant	paclitaxel estramustinee toposide (TEE)	ADT + RT versus ADT + RT + TEE	397	any T	≥7	20–100
					≥ T2	8–10	<100
RTOG 0521 [15]	Adjuvant	Docetaxel	ADT + RT versus ADT + RT + docetaxel	612	any T	≥9	≤150
					≥ T2	8	<20
					any T	7-8	≥20–150
Kumar et al. [72]	Concurrent	Docetaxel	RT + docetaxel	22	T3-T4
					T1b-T2	≥8
					T1c-T2	5–7	≥10
AGUSG 03-10 [73]	Concurrent	Docetaxel	RT + docetaxel +/− ADT	20	≥T3	8–10
						7	>10
Sanfilippo et al. [74]	Concurrent	Paclitaxel	ADT + RT versus ADT + RT + paclitaxel	22	TxN1	>7	>10
Hussain et al. [75]	Neoadjuvant	Docetaxel estramustine	docetaxel, EMP +/− RP, RT	21	≥T2b	8–10	≥15
Hirano et al. [76]	Neoadjuvant/ concurrent	Estramustine	ADT + RT versus ADT + RT + EMP	39	≥T3	8–10	>20
SWOG S9921 [77, 78]	Neoadjuvant	Mitoxantrone	RP + ADT versus RP + ADT + MTX	983	pT3b-T4	≥8
						7	>15
CALGB 90203 [79]	Neoadjuvant	Estramustine docetaxel	RP versus EMP and docetaxel + RP	recruiting	T1-T3a, NX, M0

ADT: androgen deprivation therapy; RT: radiotherapy; TEE: paclitaxel, estramustine, etoposide; EMP: estramustine phosphate; RP: radical prostatectomy; MTX: mitoxantrone.