Table 2.

Individual motivations for contributing

Motivation	Description	Reference
Economic	The programmer earns money from his/her contributions.	[22,27,31,37,38,43,45,46]
Enjoyment	The programmer likes contributing. It is fun.	[33,34,38,43,45-48]
Identity	The programmer identifies him/herself as an open source programmer and wants to maintain that identity.	[33,45,49]
Learning	The programmer wants to learn about the software, programming language, architecture, existing problems, new features, etc.	[22,33-36,43-45,48,50-52]
Networking	The programmer wants to develop a peer network.	[27,36,43]
Own use	The programmer needs the code for his/her software.	[27,33,35,38,43,45-48,50,51,53]
Political	The programmer believes that "all software should be free".	[27,33,34,39,43-45,54]
Signaling	The programmer wants to signal (or demonstrate) his/her skills to a wider audience, possibly to assist in finding a job, being promoted or another extrinsic reason.	[34,35,38,45-48,50]