Table 4.
Linear regression model risk factors for neonatal transfer to neonatal care unit
| Model Aa | Model Ba | Model Ca | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factors | RR (95%CI) | RR (95%CI) | RR (95%CI) |
| Pre-pregnancy factors | |||
| Maternal age (Ref. 18-25 years) | |||
| Under 18 years | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) |
| 26-35 years | 1.3 (1.1-1.4)** | 1.2 (1.1-1.3)** | 1.2 (1.1-1.3)** |
| Over 35 years | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) |
| Birth order (Ref. 2nd child) | |||
| 1st child | 1.3 (1.2-1.4)** | 1.3 (1.2-1.5)** | 1.4 (1.2-1.5)** |
| 3rd child | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) |
| 4th or more | 1.2 (1.0-1.3) | 1.3 (1.1-1.4)** | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) |
| Body mass index(Ref 18.5-24.9) | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) |
| Overweight (25-29.9) | 1.2 (1.1-1.3)** | 1.2 (1.0-1.3)** | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
| Obesity(30+) | 1.3 (1.1-1.5)** | 1.2 (1.1-1.4)** | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) |
| Single marital status | 1.3 (1.1-1.5)** | 1.2 (1.1-1.4)* | 1.2 (1.0-1.3)* |
| Body height <150 cm | 1.2 (1.1-1.4)* | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 1.1 c(0.9-1.2) |
| Paternal age (Ref 26-35 years) | |||
| Under 26 years | 1.2 (1.0-1.3) | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 1.2 (1.0-1.3)* |
| 36-45 years | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) |
| Over 45 years | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) |
| Father's education (Ref sec/high) | |||
| No education | 1.2 (0.7-2.3) | 0.8 (0.5-1.5) | 0.5 (0.3-0.9)* |
| Primary school | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) |
| Pre-gestational diabetic | 4.4 (3.3-5.8)** | 3.5 (2.6-4.7)** | 1.6 (0.7-3.3) |
| Maternal Lung disease | 1.2 (1.1-1.4)** | 1.2 (1.1-1.4)** | 1.2 (1.0-1.3)* |
| Maternal Epilepsy | 1.6 (1.0-2.6) | 1.9 (1.2-2.9)** | 1.4 (0.9-2.2) |
| Not boiling drinking water | 1.2 (1.1-1.3)** | 1.1 (1.0-1.3)** | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
| Pregnancy, labour and delivery | |||
| Mother referred to ANC§ | - | 1.3 (1.1-1.4)** | 1.2 (1.0-1.3)* |
| ANC < 5 visits | - | 1.3 (1.2-1.4) | 1.2 (1.1-1.3)** |
| Gestational Diabetic | - | 1.4 (0.6-3.4) | 1.4 (0.5-4.5) |
| Hypertension | 1.5 (0.9-2.4) | 1.2 (0.7-1.9) | |
| Preeclampsia | 2.0 (1.7-2.3)** | 1.3 (1.1-1.5)** | |
| Eclampsia | - | 2.8 (1.7-4.4)** | 0.9 (0.6-1.6) |
| Abruptio placenta | - | 2.6 (1.6-4.1)** | 1.1 (0.7-1.8) |
| Premature rupture of membrane | - | 2.9 (2.6-3.4)** | 2.3 (1.9-2.7)* |
| Caesarian section | - | 2.1 (1.9-2.3)** | 1.9 (1.8-2.1)** |
| Other vaginal delivery | - | 2.9 (2.3-3.6)** | 2.2 (1.7-2.9)** |
| Other unspecified complications | - | 1.8 (1.4-2.3)** | 1.5 (1.2-1.9)** |
| Neonatal factors | |||
| Birth weight >4000 g | - | - | 7.2 (6.5-8.0)** |
| Birth Weight 1500-2500 g | - | - | 2.8 (2.5-3.1)** |
| Birth weight <1500 g | - | - | 3.0 (2.3-4.0)**' |
| Gestational age below 34 weeks | - | - | 1.8 (1.5-2.1)** |
| Gestational age 34-36 weeks | - | - | 1.3 1.3 (1.1-1.5)** |
| Five minutes Apgar score <7 | - | - | 4.0 (3.4-4.6)** |
| Male sex | 1.2 (1.1-1.3)** | ||
*p-value less than 0.05
**p-value less than 0.01
a In each step variables entered were all which had p-value of < 0.1 in univariable analysis including maternal age although p-value was slightly above 0.1 (0.106). The lowest risk category in each group was used as a reference. Results are presented for all variables which were significant at least once in any of the three steps.
Model A, first step; adjusted for pre pregnancy factors
Model B, second step; variables in model A plus conditions in pregnancy, labor and delivery
Model C, third step; variables in model B plus neonatal factors
§- First ANC visit triggered by health workers