TABLE 2.

Rome III criteria for functional constipation

Must include two or more of the following:

Straining*

Lumpy or hard stools*

Sensation of incomplete evacuation*

Sensation of anorectal obstruction/blockage*

Manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation (eg, digital evacuation, support of the pelvic floor)*

<3 defecations/week

Loose stool rarely present without the use of laxatives

Insufficient criteria for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation

Symptoms must be present for ≥3 months, with onset ≥6 months before diagnosis.

^*Present in ≥25% of defecations. Adapted from reference 16