Table 4.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Effect of Periodontal Disease Measures on FMD
|
Exposure variable |
Mean estimate (95% CI) |
p-value |
Mean estimate (95% CI) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical measures of PD | Increase in baseline FMD per 10% increase in baseline PD | Increase in delta FMD per 10% increase in delta PD | ||
| PPD | 0.1565 (−0.8082, 1.1212) | 0.71 | −0.0089 (−2.2691, 2.2513) | 0.99 |
| REC | −0.7439 (−1.5748, 0.0869) | 0.07 | 2.2715 (0.3693, 4.1737) | 0.03 |
| CAL | −0.4308 (−1.2453, 0.3836) | 0.24 | 1.0044 (−1.8924, 3.9012) | 0.43 |
| BOP | −0.0760 (−1.1384, 0.9864) | 0.87 | −0.6643 (−2.2971, 0.9685) | 0.36 |
| Microbiological measures of PD | Increase in baseline FMD per 1-log10 increase in baseline PD | Increase in delta FMD per 1-log10 increase in delta PD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. gingivalis | −0.2393 (−1.5029, 1.0242) | 0.67 | 0.4232 (−1.1749, 2.0213) | 0.55 |
| T. denticola | −0.4002 (−1.8366, 1.0361) | 0.53 | −0.7024 (−3.2934, 1.8886) | 0.54 |
| T. forsythia | −0.5988 (−2.1249, 0.9272) | 0.37 | −0.9759 (−3.2610, 1.3093) | 0.34 |
| 23S rRNA | −3.5102 (−9.1375, 2.1172) | 0.18 | 1.2753 (−3.0946, 5.6452) | 0.51 |
PD, periodontal disease; IMT, carotid artery intima media thickness; PPD, periodontal probing depth; REC, gingival recession; CAL, clinical attachment level; BOP, bleeding on probing; P. gingivalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis; T. denticola, Treponema denticola; T. forsythia, Tannerella forsythia; 23S rRNA, 23S ribosomal RNA. Model adjusted for change in time and the CVD and HIV-specific potential confounding covariates.