Search strategy for EMBASE

Search terms for randomized controlled trials	Search terms for chronic noncancer pain	Search terms for opioids
1. Randomized Controlled Trial/ 2. (random: adj2 control: trial:).mp. 3. 1 or 2 4. control: clinical trial:.mp. 5. (control: adj2 trial:).mp. 6. 4 or 5 7. randomization/ 8. random: allocation:.mp. 9. (random: adj2 allocation:).mp. 10. 8 or 9 11. Double Blind Procedure/ 12. double-blind method:.mp. 13. Single Blind Procedure/ 14. single-blind method:.mp. 15. or/1–14 16. limit 15 to (amphibia or ape or bird or cat or cattle or chicken or dog or “ducks and geese” or fish or “frogs and toads” or goat or guinea pig or “hamsters and gerbils” or horse or monkey or mouse or “pigeons and doves” or “rabbits and hares” or rat or reptile or sheep or swine) 17. exp animal/ 18. 15 and 17 19. 16 or 18 20. limit 15 to human 21. 20 not 19 22. Clinical Trial/ 23. exp clinical trial/ 24. (clinic: adj25 trial:).tw. 25. ((singl: or doubl: or trebl: or tripl:) adj (mask: or blind:)).tw. 26. PLACEBO/ 27. placebo:.mp. 28. random:.tw. 29. methodology/ 30. latin square design/ 31. (latin adj square). tw. 32. or/22–31 33. 32 not 19 34. Comparative Study/ 35. evaluation/ 36. follow up/ 37. prospective study/ 38. (control: or prospectiv: or volunteer:).tw. 39. Crossover Procedure/ 40. or/34–39 41. 40 not 19 42. 21 or 33 or 41	43. Pain/pc, rh, dt, th 44. Chronic Disease/pc, rh, dt, th 45. (chronic adj3 pain).mp. 46. Low Back Pain/ 47. (low adj back adj pain).mp. 48. or/43–47	49. exp Narcotic Analgesic Agent/ 50. Codeine.mp. 51. Fentanyl.mp. 52. Hydromorphone.mp. 53. Levorphanol.mp. 54. Meperidine.mp. 55. Morphine.mp. 56. Oxycodone.mp. 57. Oxymorphone.mp. 58. Pentazocine.mp. 59. Propoxyphene.mp. 60. Tramadol.mp.sufentanil.mp 61. Tramadol.mp 62. or/49–61
Combining all searches
63. 42 and 48 and 62

dt Drug therapy; Exp Explode; mp Multipurpose; pc Prevention and control; Pt Publication type; rh Rehabilitation; th Therapy; tw Text word