Figure 5. The expression of Painless in PNs inhibited the male–male courtship behavior.

(A and B) Male–male courtship behavior caused by down-regulation of painless expression in different brain regions. (C and D) Overexpression of painless in GH146^Gal4-positive neurons, but not in Gr66a^Gal4-positive neurons, suppressed the male–male courtship behavior in painless mutant males. Average ChI of males of indicated genotypes during the 3 h observing session are shown. For each trace, more than eight groups of males were analyzed. Error bars represent SEM.