Table 4. HRs between marriage age and all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality, Shanghai Women's Health Study 1996–2009 (n = 74,208*).
| Age at first marriage | |||
| Ages 19–25 | Early, age ≤18 | Late, age >25 | |
| Causes of deaths | (n = 31,481) | (n = 3,910) | (n = 38,817) |
| All causes | |||
| No. of deaths | 2,390 | 584 | 1,111 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.21 (1.11–1.33) | 0.90 (0.83,0.97) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.12 (1.02,1.23) | 0.91 (0.84,0.99) |
| Model 3 HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 1.01 (0.93,1.09) |
| All cancer | |||
| No. of deaths | 1,045 | 222 | 592 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.98,1.32) | 0.91 (0.81,1.01) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.94,1.27) | 0.93 (0.83,1.04) |
| Model 3 HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.90,1.22) | 0.97 (0.86,1.09) |
| CVD | |||
| No. of deaths | 740 | 198 | 233 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.22 (1.04,1.42) | 0.78 (0.66,0.91) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.93,1.28) | 0.81 (0.69,0.95) |
| Model 3 HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.85,1.17) | 0.93 (0.79,1.09) |
| Non-cancer/CVD | |||
| No. of deaths | 605 | 164 | 286 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI)a | 1.00 | 1.30 (1.09,1.55) | 0.99 (0.85,1.16) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 1.20 (1.00,1.43) | 0.99 (0.85,1.15) |
| Model 3 HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.90,1.28) | 1.15 (0.98,1.35) |
Abbreviations: BMI (body mass index), CI (confidence interval), CVD (cardiovascular disease), DM (diabetes mellitus), HRT (hormone replacement therapy), HTN (hypertension), HR (Hazard ratio), SES (socioeconomic status), WHR (waist to hip ratio).
*Sample size is reduced to include only women who were ever married (married, separated/divorced, widowed).
Model 1: Adjusted for age only.
Model 2: Multivariate model without SES(income, education, occupation). Adjustments include: age, behavioral factors (BMI, WHR, MET, ever smoke, ever alcohol drinking, ever Ginseng use), reproductive factors (HRT, menopause), dietary factors (total energy intake, vegetable & fruit intake, and red meat intake), chronic disease at baseline (HTN, DM, baseline CVD, and all other chronic disease).
Model 3: Multivariate model with SES. Adjustments include: age, SES, behavioral factors, dietary factors, reproductive factors, and history of chronic disease.