Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects
| Characteristics | All (n = 458) | Depressive symptoms (CES_D ≥ 16) | Depressive symptoms (CES_D ≥ 23) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 285) | Women (n = 173) | Men (n = 285) | Women (n = 173) | ||||||||||
| Subjects with depressive symptomsa | Subjects without depressive symptomsb | pc | Subjects with depressive symptomsa | Subjects without depressive symptomsb | pc | Subjects with severe depressive symptomsd | Subjects without severe depressive symptomse | pc | Subjects with severe depressive symptomsd | Subjects without severe depressive symptomse | pc | ||
| Number of subjects, n (%) | 458 (100) | 104 (36.5) | 181 (63.5) | 65 (37.6) | 108 (62.4) | 40 (14.0) | 245 (86.0) | 25 (14.5) | 148 (85.5) | ||||
| Age (year) | 44.8 ± 9.8 | 44.6 ± 9.7 | 45.9 ± 10.3 | 0.30 | 44.1 ± 9.2 | 43.7 ± 9.2 | 0.80 | 44.5 ± 9.5 | 45.6 ± 10.2 | 0.55 | 41.0 ± 8.6 | 44.4 ± 9.2 | 0.09 |
| Workplacef (% A) | 30.1 | 27.9 | 34.3 | 0.27 | 23.1 | 29.6 | 0.35 | 35.0 | 31.4 | 0.65 | 20.0 | 28.4 | 0.38 |
| Married (%) | 74.5 | 65.4 | 83.4 | 0.0005 | 67.7 | 72.2 | 0.53 | 62.5 | 79.2 | 0.02 | 64.0 | 71.6 | 0.44 |
| Occupational physical activity (% sedentary work) | 80.4 | 88.5 | 90.1 | 0.67 | 75.4 | 59.3 | 0.03 | 85.0 | 90.2 | 0.32 | 84.0 | 62.2 | 0.03 |
| Leisure-time physical activityg (%) | 41.1 | 43.3 | 51.4 | 0.19 | 29.2 | 28.7 | 0.94 | 30.0 | 51.4 | 0.01 | 24.0 | 29.7 | 0.56 |
| Current smoking (%) | 29.7 | 48.1 | 44.2 | 0.53 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 0.28 | 52.5 | 44.5 | 0.35 | 0 | 4.1 | 0.31 |
| Current alcohol drinking (%) | 78.6 | 84.6 | 86.2 | 0.72 | 64.6 | 68.5 | 0.60 | 80.0 | 86.5 | 0.28 | 68.0 | 66.9 | 0.91 |
| Job stress scoreh | 103.2 ± 55.7 | 133.7 ± 69.7 | 83.7 ± 45.0 | <0.0001 | 123.7 ± 53.2 | 94.1 ± 40.0 | <0.0001 | 162.0 ± 86.4 | 92.2 ± 48.4 | <0.0001 | 133.2 ± 60.5 | 100.5 ± 43.5 | 0.02 |
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 1,763 ± 512 | 1,859 ± 657 | 1,888 ± 594 | 0.67 | 1,573 ± 351 | 1,576 ± 407 | 0.97 | 1,939 ± 635 | 1,867 ± 530 | 0.44 | 1,513 ± 393 | 1,585 ± 385 | 0.39 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 3.4 | 23.3 ± 3.4 | 23.9 ± 3.0 | 0.11 | 21.5 ± 3.3 | 21.5 ± 3.4 | 0.93 | 23.6 ± 3.7 | 23.7 ± 3.1 | 0.89 | 21.5 ± 3.1 | 21.5 ± 3.4 | 0.96 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 112.5 ± 93.4 | 134.8 ± 103.4 | 140.4 ± 110.8 | 0.67 | 71.6 ± 34.7 | 69.0 ± 29.1 | 0.59 | 141.4 ± 107.8 | 137.9 ± 108.3 | 0.85 | 70.3 ± 45.6 | 69.9 ± 28.3 | 0.96 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) | 60.8 ± 15.7 | 55.7 ± 12.2 | 55.6 ± 15.0 | 0.96 | 68.0 ± 15.3 | 70.0 ± 14.2 | 0.38 | 55.1 ± 11.2 | 55.7 ± 14.4 | 0.78 | 67.5 ± 14.9 | 69.6 ± 14.6 | 0.50 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119.5 ± 16.6 | 122.8 ± 15.9 | 124.9 ± 15.3 | 0.28 | 112.2 ± 12.8 | 111.8 ± 17.0 | 0.86 | 120.8 ± 15.4 | 124.7 ± 15.5 | 0.14 | 109.4 ± 12.2 | 112.4 ± 16.0 | 0.38 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.8 ± 11.7 | 76.5 ± 10.7 | 77.5 ± 11.0 | 0.45 | 68.7 ± 9.8 | 68.0 ± 11.8 | 0.71 | 76.3 ± 9.8 | 77.3 ± 11.0 | 0.59 | 67.5 ± 10.5 | 68.4 ± 11.1 | 0.70 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 95.3 ± 16.5 | 97.6 ± 18.4 | 98.2 ± 17.4 | 0.80 | 92.9 ± 17.9 | 89.7 ± 9.1 | 0.12 | 97.5 ± 12.9 | 98.1 ± 18.4 | 0.85 | 90.2 ± 7.4 | 91.0 ± 13.9 | 0.78 |
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise stated
aSubjects with a CES_D score ≥16
bSubjects with a CES_D score <16
cFor continuous variables, independent t test was used; for categorical variables, chi-square test was used
dSubjects with a CES_D score ≥23
eSubjects with a CES_D score <23
fWorkplace A (survey conducted in July 2006)
gLeisure-time physical activity of high intensities (≥3 metabolic equivalent-h/wk) during commuting, leisure time and yard work
hRange was 26–423 for men and 31–291 for women