Figure 1.

The influence of water on the work of adhesion (W_A) between an epoxy adhesive and an aluminum surface. W_A is derived from the summation of surface energy products due to dispersion interactions (${\gamma }_1^d{\gamma }_2^d$) and those due to polar interactions (${\gamma }_1^p{\gamma }_2^p$) under clean-room (left) and wet (right) conditions. From data in Pocius (5).