Neointima lesions were created by ligation of carotid arteries of mice for 15 d as described in Materials and Methods. A and B: Micrographs of arterial cross-sections with H & E staining with (B, injured) or without (A, control) ligation. M, media; NI, neointima; L, lumen. C–E: Control and injured arterial segments were harvested for extraction of miRNA or mRNA, followed by measuring the expression of miR-1 (C), myocardin (D) or Pim-1 (E) using PCR. The expression levels of miR-1 and myocardin or Pim-1 were normalized by U6B and GAPDH, respectively. * indicates significant difference compared with control group (p < 0.001, n=7 for miR-1; p < 0.05, n=5 for myocardin and Pim-1).