TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients initiating HAART by mortality status, Zambia¹

Variable	Total (n)	Alive (n = 182)	Dead (n = 16)	P
Age, y	194	34.0 ± 7.4	36.6 ± 7.5	0.20
Gender, women, n (%)	197	98 (54.1)	7 (43.8)	0.44
BMI, kg/m2	197	20.1 ± 2.7	18.7 ± 2.0	0.04
Waist circumference, cm	198	72.7 ± 6.5	71.0 ± 5.4	0.31
Mid-upper arm circumference, cm	198	25.0 ± 2.6	23.3 ± 3.1	0.02
Current smokers, n (%)	195	10 (5.6)	1 (6.3)	1.00
Current alcohol use, n (%)	195	21 (11.7)	1 (6.3)	1.00
CD4 count, cells/μl	197	140 ± 53	125 ± 47	0.30
Fasting plasma insulin, mU/L	163	4.6 ± 5.9	4.9 ± 5.1	0.87
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L	193	3.8 ± 1.1	3.9 ± 1.0	0.86
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	196	3.5 ± 0.9	3.2 ± 0.9	0.29
Triglyceride, mmol/L	196	1.20 ± 0.6	1.7 ± 0.8	0.002
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L	196	2.0 ± 0.8	1.5 ± 0.8	0.004
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L	189	0.84 ± 0.5	0.48 ± 0.4	0.0004
Total cholesterol : HDL-C ratio	188	10.1 ± 39.3	25.6 ± 38.7	0.0001
Dietary variables
Total energy, kcal/d	197	1759 ± 672	1413 ± 681	0.05
Carbohydrate, % energy/d	197	55.8 ± 13.5	61.3 ± 11.2	0.12
Protein, % energy/d	197	13.2 ± 4.2	11.5 ± 3.7	0.11
Total fat, % energy/d	197	31.6 ± 11.3	28.2 ± 10.3	0.24
Saturated fat, % energy/d	197	6.4 ± 2.9	5.8 ± 2.4	0.43
Monounsaturated fat, % energy/d	197	9.1 ± 3.8	8.6 ± 3.6	0.59
Polyunsaturated fat, , % energy/d	197	13.8 ± 6.1	11.3 ± 4.9	0.12
Trans fat, % energy/d	197	0.53 ± 0.75	0.36 ± 0.36	0.72
n3 Fatty acids, % energy/d	197	1.81 ± 0.99	1.28 ± 0.66	0.04
HAART regimen (n, %)
Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine	79	5 (38.5)	77 (43.0)	0.93
Stavudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine	60	5 (38.5)	55 (32.0)
Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Nevirapine	48	3 (23.1)	43 (25.0)

¹Values are means ± SD or percentages; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy