Spike frequency histograms from extracellular single-unit recording in the dorsal raphe nucleus after intra-mPFC injection of muscimol during HC (A), intra-mPFC muscimol during IS (B), intra-mPFC muscimol during ES (C), and intra-mPFC saline during ES (D). Midbrain slices were taken 24 h after stress treatment, and 50 μm 5-HT was applied, followed by 150 nm ipsapirone. Mean percentage inhibition was calculated to account for the rate at which the cell reaches maximal ipsapirone-mediated inhibition.