In response to PTHR, but not β2AR, activation, XLαs expression results in sustained cAMP production at the plasma membrane. cAMP response measured by FRET changes from HEK293 cells stably expressing PTHR and transiently expressing a cAMP-biosensor, Epac-CFP/YFP with or without XLαs. Cells transfected with XLαs cDNA were co-transfected with plasmids encoding Gβ1 and Gγ2. During the experiment, cells were continuously perfused with a control buffer and stimulated with either 100 nm M-PTH(1–14) or 10 μm isoproterenol (ISO). Data are mean ± S.E. of five independent experiments; cell number, n = 80.