FIGURE 1.

LCN13 suppresses lipogenesis in primary hepatocytes. A, primary hepatocytes were infected with β-gal or LCN13 adenoviruses. Cell extracts were prepared 16 h after viral infection and immunoblotted with anti-LCN13 or anti-tubulin antibody. B, primary hepatocytes were infected with β-gal or LCN13 adenoviruses and subjected to lipogenesis assays 16 h after infection. C, HepG2 cells were infected with β-gal or LCN13 adenoviruses, and the conditioned medium was collected 24 h after viral infection. The conditioned medium (10 μl) was immunoblotted with anti-LCN13 antibody (upper panel) or subjected to Coomassie Blue staining to visualize BSA (lower panel). D, primary hepatocytes were treated with conditioned medium for 16 h and subjected to lipogenesis assays. E, primary hepatocytes were treated with recombinant LCN13 protein for 16 h and subjected to lipogenesis assays. F, primary hepatocytes were treated with or without LCN13 (100 nm) in the presence or absence of insulin (100 nm). Lipogenesis was measured 16 h after the treatments. G, primary hepatocytes were infected with β-gal or LCN13 adenoviruses. Total RNAs were extracted 16 h after infection and used to measure the mRNA abundance by qRT-PCR. The expression of individual genes was normalized to 36B4 expression. Error bars represent S.E. *, p < 0.05. Con, control; a.u., arbitrary units.