Table 3.
Risk of prostate cancer in relation to COX-2 polymorphism (A > G, rs689466), stratified by plasma levels of antioxidants, in a population-based case–control study of prostate cancer in Arkansas, 1998–2003
| Antioxidanta | AA |
AG/GG |
pinteraction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/Controls | ORb | Cases/Controls | OR (95% CI)c | ||
| Lutein/zeaxanthin | |||||
| Low | 70/58 | 1.00 | 24/29 | 0.62 (0.31, 1.20) | 0.97 |
| High | 64/69 | 1.00 | 12/21 | 0.63 (0.27, 1.44) | |
| β-cryptoxanthin | |||||
| Low | 74/61 | 1.00 | 27/26 | 0.82 (0.42, 1.60) | 0.12 |
| High | 60/66 | 1.00 | 9/24 | 0.37 (0.15, 0.86) | |
| Lycopene | |||||
| Low | 75/65 | 1.00 | 25/22 | 0.93 (0.47, 1.87) | 0.09 |
| High | 59/62 | 1.00 | 11/28 | 0.41 (0.18, 0.89) | |
| α-carotene | |||||
| Low | 68/62 | 1.00 | 19/27 | 0.72 (0.34, 1.47) | |
| High | 66/65 | 1.00 | 17/23 | 0.63 (0.29, 1.34) | |
| β-carotene | |||||
| Low | 52/65 | 1.00 | 18/24 | 0.84 (0.39, 1.78) | 0.25 |
| High | 82/62 | 1.00 | 18/26 | 0.48 (0.23, 0.97) | |
| α-tocopherol | |||||
| Low | 64/64 | 1.00 | 17/22 | 0.89 (0.41, 1.89) | 0.31 |
| High | 70/63 | 1.00 | 19/28 | 0.54 (0.26, 1.09) | |
| Selenium | |||||
| Low | 58/66 | 1.00 | 17/18 | 0.89 (0.40, 1.99) | |
| High | 70/56 | 1.00 | 17/30 | 0.45 (0.22, 0.95) | |
a
Low:< median; high: ≥ median. Median plasma levels of lutein/zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, retinol, and selenium (μg/l) were 155, 73, 275, 19, 99, 9202, 474, and 113, respectively
b
Reference
c
Adjusted for age, race, body mass index, education, and smoking status