Table 3.
Responses Per Item Averaged Across Providers
| Intervention |
Control (n = 42) | P† | P‡ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After (Short Term) (n = 57) | P | Before | After (Long Term) (n = 27) | P | ||||
| Percent whose office routinely tests visual acuity during a well child exam for a 4-year-old child | 87.7 | 87.7 | 0.99 | 92.6 | 88.9 | 0.56 | 73.8 | 0.11 | 0.22 |
| Earliest age visual acuity screening is routinely attempted, y | <0.0001 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.20 | |||||
| 2 | 8.8 | 12.3 | 14.8 | 18.5 | 16.7 | ||||
| 3 | 31.6 | 77.2 | <0.0001 | 33.3 | 63.0 | 0.01 | 42.9 | 0.29 | 0.14 |
| 4 | 40.3 | 8.8 | 40.7 | 11.1 | 33.3 | ||||
| >4 | 19.3 | 1.8 | 11.1 | 7.4 | 7.1 | ||||
| Interpretation of 20/50 acuity in each eye tested separately at age 4 years | <0.01 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.85 | |||||
| Normal | 8.8 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 11.1 | 7.1 | ||||
| Abnormal | 68.4 | 90.7 | <0.01 | 70.4 | 70.4 | 1.0000 | 73.8 | 0.66 | 0.79 |
| Inconclusive | 22.8 | 3.7 | 22.2 | 18.5 | 19.1 | ||||
| Percent indicating each relevant aspect of the definition of amblyopia | |||||||||
| Underdevelopment of neural pathway | 57.9 | 79.0 | <0.01 | 63.0 | 81.5 | 0.10 | 73.8 | 0.14 | 0.57 |
| Poor vision not due to ocular pathology | 36.8 | 71.9 | <0.0001 | 40.7 | 59.3 | 0.10 | 57.1 | 0.07 | 1.00 |
| Risk factors must be present before neural maturation is complete | 28.1 | 84.2 | <0.0001 | 37.0 | 48.2 | 0.37 | 33.3 | 0.66 | 0.31 |
| Significant refractive error must be corrected before final diagnosis | 61.4 | 84.2 | <0.01 | 55.6 | 63.0 | 0.53 | 47.6 | 0.22 | 0.23 |
| All of the above | 7.0 | 54.4 | <0.0001 | 7.4 | 11.1 | 0.65 | 14.3 | 0.32 | 1.00 |
| 5. Estimated percent of 4 yr olds with a risk factor for amblyopia | <0.0001 | 0.17 | <0.001 | 0.42 | |||||
| 1–4% | 66.7 | 3.5 | 59.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | ||||
| 5–9% | 26.3 | 31.6 | 33.3 | 44.4 | 35.7 | ||||
| 10–20% | 5.3 | 61.4 | <0.0001 | 7.4 | 18.5 | 0.05 | 31.0 | <0.01 | 0.58 |
| >20% | 1.8 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 0.0 | ||||
| 6. Percent indicating each risk factor for amblyopia | |||||||||
| Strabismus | 86.0 | 98.2 | <0.05 | 92.6 | 96.3 | 0.56 | 90.5 | 0.55 | 0.64 |
| Cataracts | 80.7 | 91.2 | <0.05 | 92.6 | 88.9 | 0.65 | 66.7 | 0.16 | 0.05 |
| Ptosis | 73.7 | 91.2 | <0.01 | 81.5 | 85.2 | 0.65 | 76.2 | 0.82 | 0.54 |
| High refractive error | 96.5 | 94.5 | 0.65 | 100 | 96.3 | 0.32 | 46.6 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| All of the above | 64.9 | 89.5 | <0.001 | 74.1 | 77.8 | 0.71 | 35.7 | <0.01 | 0.001 |
| Healthy 4-year-old with amblyopia who do not have strabismus, ptosis, or cataracts is ≥30% | <0.0001 | 0.36 | 0.15 | 0.74 | |||||
| 0–9% | 29.8 | 5.3 | 25.9 | 29.6 | 33.3 | ||||
| 10–19% | 12.3 | 5.3 | 14.8 | 33.3 | 28.6 | ||||
| 20–29% | 10.5 | 3.5 | 11.1 | 3.7 | 11.9 | ||||
| 30–50% | 15.8 | 79.0 | <0.0001 | 11.1 | 18.5 | 0.21 | 11.9 | <0.05 | 0.59 |
| >50% | 31.6 | 7.0 | 37.0 | 14.8 | 14.3 | ||||
*
Control scores after long delay compared to intervention scores at baseline.
†
Control scores after long delay compared to intervention scores after long delay.