Table 2.
Estimates of summary RRs and protection rates of the antischistosomal drugs' efficacy
| Studies included | Trials (n)* | Participants (N1/N2)Δ | Pooled RRs (95% CI)▲ | Protection rates % (95% CI) | Heterogeneity test, P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PZQ for treatment | 16 | 4108/5331§ | - | - | - |
| • RCT designed (20 mg/kg) against S. mansoni | 1 | 4/2 | 0.84 (0.39, 1.81) | 16 (-81, 61) | - |
| • RCT designed (30-60 mg/kg) | 8 | 348/220 | 0.27 (0.22, 0.33) | 73 (67, 78) | 0.88 |
| •S. haematobium | 5 | 220/164 | 0.28 (0.22, 0.35) | 72 (65, 78) | 0.70 |
| •S. mansoni | 2 | 12/13 | 0.30 (0.12, 0.75) | 70 (25, 88) | 0.85 |
| •S. japonicum | 1 | 116/43 | 0.24 (0.17, 0.33) | 76 (67, 83) | - |
| • nRCT designed (40 mg/kg) | 3 | 2375/2847 | 0.48 (0.45, 0.51) | 52 (49, 55) | <0.01 |
| • nRCT designed (60/(40 × 2)/(30 × 2 + 40) mg/kg) | 4 | 1381/2262 | 0.09 (0.08, 0.12) | 91 (88, 92) | 0.17 |
| PZQ for prevention against S. japonicum | 3 | 2405/121 | - | - | - |
| • RCT designed | 2 | 155/61§ | 0.02 (0.01, 0.07) | 98 (93, 99) | 0.15 |
| • nRCT designed | 1 | 2250/60 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 100 | - |
| AM for prevention (6 mg/kg) (RCTs) | 13 | 4030/3771§ | - | - | - |
| • 2-3 doses by 15-day interval against S. japonicum by short term exposure during fighting against floods | 1 | 202/212 | 0.09 (0.03, 0.24) | 91 (76, 97) | - |
| • 4-7 doses by 15-day interval against S. japonicum | 3 | 713/706 | 0.35 (0.24, 0.50) | 65 (50, 76) | 0.65 |
| • 8-13 doses by 15-day interval against S. japonicum | 6 | 2429/2563 | 0.10 (0.05, 0.21) | 90 (79, 95) | <0.01 |
| • 6-7 doses by 3-week interval against S. mansoni | 1 | 128/140 | 0.50 (0.35, 0.71) | 50 (29, 65) | - |
| • 6-7 doses by 1-month interval against S. haematobium and S. japonicum | 2 | 558/737 | 0.76 (0.63, 0.92) | 24 (8, 37) | 0.88 |
| AS (6 mg/kg) for preventing S. japonicum infection (RCTs) | 14 | 5012/5241 | - | - | - |
| • 3 doses by 1-week interval | 1 | 168/200 | 0.11 (0.03, 0.45) | 89 (55, 97) | - |
| • 8 doses by 1-week interval | 4 | 813/720 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.12) | 97 (88, 99) | 0.89 |
| • 3-5 doses by 2-week interval | 4 | 714/768 | 0.29 (0.16, 0.52) | 71 (48, 84) | 0.20 |
| • 8-14 doses by 2-week interval | 5 | 3317/3553 | 0.05 (0.03, 0.09) | 95 (91, 97) | 0.93 |
| AS (4 mg/kg × 3 doses) for treating S. haematobia (RCTs) | 2 | 132/74 | 0.55 (0.17, 1.78) | 45 (-78, 83) | <0.01 |
| PZQ + AM/AS for treatment (RCTs) | 4 | 227/234 | 0.61 (0.39, 0.96) | 84 (64, 91) † | 0.62 |
| • PZQ + AM against S. japonicum | 1 | 95/101 | 0.53 (0.10, 2.84) | 86 (6, 98) † | - |
| • PZQ + AS against S. haematobium | 2 | 132/133 | 0.62 (0.38, 0.99) | 83 (62, 92) † | 0.33 |
| PZQ + AS for prevention against S. japonicum (nRCT) | 1 | 1362/112 | 0.04 (0.01, 0.22) | 96 (78, 99) | - |
* There are 39 studies with53 trials included as some of the studies have multiple drugs trials.
Δ N1/N2= the number of participants in test group/the number of participants in control group.
▲ Pooled RRs (95% CI) are presented which were calculated by fixed-effects model when P value ≥0.05 of heterogeneity test, and by random-effects model if not.
† Their average protection rates and 95% CI were calculated when the drugs given to the controls were transformed into placebo (based on the RCTs results of PZQ 30-60 mg/kg for treatment).
§ The sum of participants in subgroups doesn't equal the true total because some studies [35,39,64] have the same control participants.