Figure 6. Characterization of the LLO variants.

(A) Hemolytic activity of LLO, LLOmL, and LLOpL was measured at pH 7.4, 37°C. DTT  =  dithiothreitol. (B) LLO, LLOmL, and LLOpL were incubated with erythrocyte ghost membranes, in the presence or absence of DTT, washed and suspended in 1% detergent. The samples were subjected to gradient electrophoresis, in the presence of 1% detergent, and LLO was detected by western blotting using anti-LLO antibodies. (C) Toxins were incubated for 1 h on cholesterol/DOPC lipid layers in the presence or absence of DTT. The samples were processed and analyzed by transmission electron transmission microscopy. Scale bar = 50 nm.