Table 1.
Comparison of Exercise plus Education vs. Exercise Only, High- and Low-Falls-Efficacy Groups
| Group; mean (SD) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EE |
EO |
|||
| Variable | High FE; n=15 |
Low FE; n=13 |
High FE; n=12 |
Low FE; n=14 |
| Age, y | 71.9 (4.7) | 74.7 (4.6) | 70.2 (5.2)* | 78.0 (7.4) |
| Duration of hip pain, y | 6.0 (8.1) | 9.1 (6.0) | 7.7 (10.6)* | 9.3 (12.5) |
| No. of other conditions | 1.9 (0.9) | 2.8 (1.4) | 1.2 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.3) |
| No. of prescription medications | 2.1 (2.1) | 3.9 (2.9) | 1.8 (1.4)* | 3.9 (2.9) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.3 (6.3) | 28.9 (3.7) | 29.8 (4.1) | 30.9 (4.9) |
| AIMS-2 total score | 9.3 (1.7)* | 11.1 (2.7) | 8.3 (1.6)* | 12.2 (3.2) |
| PASE total score | 106.2 (34.2) | 84.4 (27.5) | 124.8 (60.1) | 91.6 (35.6) |
| ABC, /100 | 85.0 (7.1)* | 50.9 (12.4) | 89.6 (7.2)* | 53.8 (15.5) |
| Chair stand, s | 8.2 (3.3) | 7.0 (2.6) | 8.8 (2.9)* | 5.3 (4.7) |
| TUGcog, s | 13.2 (3.9) | 16.9 (6.7) | 12.1 (4.2) | 18.9 (11.1) |
| MCTSIB, s /120 | 103.5 (17.2)* | 82.8 (19.3) | 103.9 (16.3)* | 83.6 (30.1) |
| BBS, /36 | 32.5 (2.7)* | 28.0 (3.4) | 31.6 (2.5)* | 27.4 (6.1) |
| 6MWT, m | 395.3 (63.4)* | 308.9 (103.8) | 411.6 (99.9)* | 310.9 (115.6) |
*
Significant difference between high- and low-falls-efficacy sub-groups within EE or EO group (p<0.05), using independent t-tests.
Note: Higher values for all functional outcomes represent better performance, except for AIMS-2 and TUGcog.
EE=exercise plus education; EO=exercise only; FE=falls efficacy; BMI=body mass index; AIMS-2=Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale, Version 2; PASE=Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; ABC=Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale; TUGcog=timed up-and-go test with cognitive subtraction test added; MCTSIB=Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance; BBS=Berg Balance Scale; 6MWT=6-minute walk test.