Table 4. Frequency distributions of ocular risk factors in preschool children with and without bilateral decreased visual acuity in the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study.
| Variable | With BDVA (N=63) |
Without BDVA (N=5253) |
P value** |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%)* | n (%)* | ||
| Astigmatism † | <0.0001 | ||
| <1.00 | 33 (0.7) | 4706 (99.3) | |
| 1.00 to <2.00 D | 11 (2.5) | 426 (97.5) | |
| ≥2.00 D | 19 (13.6) | 121 (86.4) | |
| SE refractive error † | <0.0001 | ||
| <0.00 D | 16 (2.2) | 703 (97.8) | |
| ≥0.00 to <+1.00 D | 16 (0.8) | 1885 (99.2) | |
| +1.00 to <+2.00 D | 6 (0.3) | 1771 (99.7) | |
| +2.00 to <+3.00 D | 5 (0.9) | 552 (99.1) | |
| +3.00 to <+4.00 D | 5 (2.4) | 207 (97.6) | |
| ≥+4.00 D | 15 (10.0) | 135 (90.0) |
BDVA: bilaterally decreased visual acuity, worse than 20/50, or worse than 20/40 in children aged ≥48 months. SE: spherical equivalent. D: diopters.
*
Percentage of participants from both study centers with stated level of risk factor
**
Chi square or fisher exact where applicable
†
Level of SE refractive error defined by less hyperopic eye and level of astigmatism defined by less astigmatic eye, or by eye with refractive error data if data missing for one eye.