Table 4. Regression-Adjusted Program Impacts on Child Outcomes by Child Age at Random Assignment.

Program impacts by child age	Achievement	Positive social behavior	Problem behavior
Under age 1a	0.043 (0.140)	0.037 (0.163)	−0.229 (0.186)
Age 1	−0.061 (0.054)	−0.177** (0.058)	−0.007 (0.060)
Age 2	0.093* (0.041)	0.053 (0.046)	0.045 (0.051)
Age 3	0.044 (0.044)	0.007 (0.051)	0.002 (0.056)
R2	.027	.027	.013
F
Overall model	5.60**	4.72**	2.68**
Equality of coefficientsb	1.80	3.46*	0.77
N	7,593	5,325	5,347

Note. The coefficients presented in this table were based on standardized outcome measures and can therefore be interpreted as standard deviation differences between the program and control groups for children in the given age range. Standard errors are in parentheses. Models controlled for study-site dummies and the following baseline characteristics: follow-up length, prior earnings, prior earnings², prior Aid to Families With Dependent Children receipt, prior years of employment, high school degree, teen parent, marital status, number of children, age of youngest child in family, and race. The achievement model also included controls for the source of the measure.

^aThis category includes children 6-11 months in age at random assignment. There were insufficient numbers of children under 6 months to include in this analysis.

^bA significant F statistic for the equality of coefficients indicates a rejection of the null hypothesis that all coefficients presented in the column are equal to one another.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.