Table 5. Regression-Adjusted Program Impacts on Parental Outcomes by Child Age at Random Assignment.
| Program impacts by child age | Welfare receipt | Earnings | Income | Maternal depression | Parental warmth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under age 1a | −0.620 (0.399) | 1.578** (0.474) | 1.978** (0.515) | −0.060 (0.178) | 0.180 (0.212) |
| Age 1 | −0.473** (0.175) | 0.643* (0.266) | 1.067** (0.274) | −0.071 (0.058) | −0.162* (0.070) |
| Age 2 | −0.192 (0.145) | 0.884** (0.214) | 1.500** (0.208) | −0.026 (0.050) | −0.044 (0.058) |
| Age 3 | −0.289* (0.145) | 0.552* (0.230) | 1.168** (0.220) | 0.049 (0.052) | −0.022 (0.062) |
| R2 | .492 | .290 | .285 | .017 | .030 |
| F | |||||
| Overall model | 180.38** | 53.14** | 64.66** | 2.65** | 3.93** |
| Equality of coefficientsb | 0.81 | 1.54 | 1.32 | 0.94 | 1.33 |
| N | 6,884 | 6,864 | 6,864 | 5,309 | 3,448 |
Note. Standard errors are in parentheses. Models controlled for study-site dummies and the following baseline characteristics: follow-up length, prior earnings, prior earnings2, prior Aid to Families with Dependent Children receipt, prior years of employment, high school degree, teen parent, marital status, number of children, age of youngest child in family, and race.
a
This category includes children 6–11 months in age at random assignment. There were insufficient numbers of children under 6 months to include in this analysis.
b
A significant F statistic for the equality of coefficients indicates a rejection of the null hypothesis that all coefficients presented in the column are equal to one another.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.