Table 3. Means on Selected Characteristics at the Time of Random Assignment of FTP and AFDC Group Members for Full Sample and Time-Limit High-Risk Subgroup.
| Full analysis sample |
At risk of hitting TL |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Full modeling sample |
FTP | AFDC | FTP | AFDC |
| Work and welfare history | |||||
| Income in the year prior to RA ($) | 5,184 | 5,845 | 5,891 | 7,226 | 7,533 |
| Employed in the year prior to RA (%) | 52.4 | 46.8 | 45.7 | 38.1 | 35.1 |
| Earnings in the year prior to RA ($) | 1,693 | 1,810 | 1,846 | 555 | 657 |
| Ever received AFDC in prior year (%) | 63.2 | 71.3 | 71.6 | 94.5 | 98.6** |
| Number of months of AFDC in prior year | 5.8 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 10.2 | 10.5 |
| Demographic characteristic | |||||
| Type of time limit | |||||
| 24-month | 59.5 | 54.8 | 32.6 | ||
| 36-month | 40.5 | 45.2 | 67.4 | ||
| Gender (%) | |||||
| Female | 96.2 | 97.8 | 96.8 | 99.7 | 98.8 |
| Male | 3.7 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 |
| Average age (years) | 30 | 29 | 30† | 28 | 29 |
| Unable to take part-time job because physically or mentally disabled (%) |
19.2 | 20.0 | 18.4 | 15.9 | 13.5 |
| Welfare applicant (%) | 60.8 | 50.6 | 50.6 | 31.1 | 32.5 |
| No high school or GED diploma (%) | 38.7 | 41.1 | 38.1 | 44.7 | 39.2 |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 43.2 | 44.8 | 46.2 | 1.7 | 4.1† |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 53.3 | 52.0 | 51.4 | 97.1 | 94.3† |
| Hispanic | 1.3 | 1.6 | 0.8* | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Other | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
| Family status | |||||
| Marital status (%) | |||||
| Never married | 44.4 | 51.0 | 49.0 | 75.8 | 72.0 |
| Separated, divorced, or widowed | 54.0 | 48.6 | 49.8 | 24.2 | 27.4 |
| Other | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
| Average number of children | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Age of youngest child | 5.9 | 4.9 | 5.2† | 3.3 | 3.7 |
| Age of youngest child (%) | |||||
| 2 years and under | 40.3 | 42.9 | 42.5 | 57.9 | 56.8 |
| 3–5 years | 18.1 | 29.0 | 25.6† | 30.6 | 26.0 |
| 6 years and over | 41.8 | 28.2 | 31.9* | 11.0 | 16.8* |
| Sample size | 250 | 1,155 | 1,410 | 289 | 348 |
Note. A total of 20 sample members whose Background Information Forms were missing are not included in the table. Invalid or missing values are not included in individual variable distributions. Rounding may cause slight discrepancies in the calculation of sums and differences. FTP = Family Transition Program; TL = time limit; RA = random assignment; AFDC = Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Significance levels testing the significant difference within the full analysis sample and the at-risk sample are indicated.
†
p < .10.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.