Table 2.

Selected Baseline and Demographic Characteristics by Research Group and Study

	Connecticut jobs first			FTP			LA–GAIN			New hope project
Variable	Control	Exp	Sig	Control	Exp	Sig	Control	Exp	Sig	Control	Exp	Sig
Parent characteristics
Parent under 18 at child's birth (%)	0.122	0.132		0.137	0.146		0.073	0.115		0.169	0.112	**
Race (%)
Black	0.437	0.404		0.583	0.576		0.390	0.402		0.545	0.576
White	0.324	0.361		0.403	0.410		0.171	0.103		0.134	0.122
Latino	0.238	0.225		0.004	0.009		0.378	0.448		0.299	0.265
Other	0.001	0.009	*	0.011	0.005		0.061	0.046		0.072	0.076
Marital status (%)
Never married	0.732	0.711		0.510	0.570		0.512	0.598		0.698	0.675
Separated/divorced	0.257	0.271		0.474	0.426		0.415	0.379		0.200	0.241
Married	0.005	0.011		0.016	0.004		0.073	0.023		0.102	0.084
Parent education, employment, and income
Received high school degree or GED (%)	0.633	0.585		0.565	0.481	**	0.390	0.529	*	0.603	0.665
Employed in year prior to random assignment (%)	0.507	0.447	*	0.464	0.442		0.354	0.425		0.685	0.708
Earnings in year prior to random assignment (in $1,000s)	2.954	2.576		1.907	1.841		1.767	2.378		4.381	4.693
Length of AFDC receipt prior to random assignment (yrs)	2.665	2.634		2.583	2.534		2.683	2.701		2.477	2.637	***
Family composition and child age
Focal child's age (yrs)	4.036	4.003		3.885	3.966		5.351	5.320		4.136	3.981	*
Average age of youngest child (yrs)	3.234	3.165		2.912	3.046		4.293	4.276		2.293	2.584	**
Average no. of children in family	2.369	2.397		2.593	2.680		2.622	2.322		2.781	2.706
Sample size	762	759		563	547		82	87		539	510

	SSP–British Columbia			SSP–New Brunswick			SSP-Plus–New Brunswick			MFIP–Rural
Parent characteristics
Parent under 18 at child's birth (%)	0.062	0.051		0.107	0.125		0.128	0.131		0.094	0.091
Race (%)
Black	0.031	0.011	*	0.007	0.016		0.026	0.013		0.016	0.005
White	0.651	0.665		0.863	0.897		0.885	0.911		0.917	0.898
Latino	0.030	0.030		0.002	0.003		0.000	0.000		0.000	0.011
Other	0.289	0.295		0.131	0.088	*	0.094	0.076		0.068	0.086
Marital status (%)
Never married	0.521	0.500		0.672	0.701		0.692	0.700		0.349	0.301
Separated/Divorced	0.448	0.476		0.298	0.271		0.278	0.287		0.641	0.694
Married	0.012	0.018		0.023	0.002	**	0.026	0.008		0.010	0.005
Parent education, employment, and income
Received high school degree or GED (%)	0.428	0.499	*	0.487	0.508		0.556	0.591		0.781	0.828
Employed in year prior to random assignment (%)	0.216	0.258		0.289	0.306		0.316	0.304		0.469	0.500
Earnings in year prior to random assignment (in $1,000s)	0.995	1.011		1.144	0.987		0.871	0.690		2.982	2.921
Length of AFDC receipt prior to random assignment (yrs)	2.712	2.765	*	2.863	2.884		2.850	2.878		2.646	2.500	*
Family composition and child age
Focal child's age (yrs)	3.803	3.914	*	3.829	3.923		3.957	3.992		4.092	3.947
Average age of youngest child (yrs)	2.591	2.812	**	2.591	2.838	**	2.927	2.890		3.005	2.667	*
Average number of children in family	1.965	1.924		1.913	1.789	*	1.765	1.755		2.422	2.290
Sample size	1,034	1,097		816	1,028		234	237		192	186

	MFIP–Urban Full			MFIP–Urban Incentives Only			NEWWS–Atlanta LFA			NEWWS–Atlanta HCD
Parent characteristics
Parent under 18 at child's birth (%)	0.103	0.104		0.103	0.117		0.070	0.038	*	0.070	0.051
Race (%)
Black	0.378	0.370		0.378	0.408		0.959	0.952		0.959	0.962
White	0.502	0.503		0.502	0.482		0.033	0.035		0.033	0.033
Latino	0.022	0.027		0.022	0.020		0.004	0.009		0.004	0.002
Other	0.098	0.100		0.098	0.090		0.004	0.005		0.004	0.003
Marital status (%)
Never married	0.594	0.597		0.594	0.619		0.714	0.763		0.714	0.714
Separated/Divorced	0.400	0.403		0.400	0.368		0.272	0.231		0.272	0.279
Married	0.006	0.000		0.006	0.013		0.014	0.005		0.014	0.007
Parent education, employment, and income
Received high school degree or GED (%)	0.738	0.698		0.738	0.697		0.656	0.619		0.656	0.658
Employed in year prior to random assignment (%)	0.496	0.517		0.496	0.504		0.375	0.333		0.375	0.347
Earnings in year prior to random assignment (in $1,000s)	3.427	3.711		3.427	2.426	**	1.324	1.116		1.324	0.962	**
Length of AFDC receipt prior to random assignment (yrs)	2.387	2.342		2.387	2.578	***	2.764	2.784		2.764	2.780
Family composition and child age
Focal child's age (yrs)	4.005	3.916		4.005	3.958		4.334	4.460	**	4.334	4.432	*
Average age of youngest child (yrs)	2.642	2.599		2.642	2.695		3.793	3.821		3.793	3.794
Average number of children in family	2.347	2.411		2.347	2.399		2.195	2.264		2.195	2.321
Sample size	542	559		542	446		1,225	1,099		1,225	1,382

	NEWWS–Grand Rapids LFA			NEWWS–Grand Rapids HCD			NEWWS–Riverside LFA			NEWWS–Riverside HCD
Parent characteristics
Parent under 18 at child's birth (%)	0.156	0.137		0.156	0.085	**	0.074	0.058		0.080	0.070
Race (%)
Black	0.392	0.420		0.392	0.322		0.199	0.158		0.161	0.155
White	0.508	0.489		0.508	0.596	*	0.431	0.433		0.369	0.348
Latino	0.073	0.069		0.073	0.065		0.346	0.383		0.444	0.458
Other	0.027	0.022		0.027	0.017		0.024	0.027		0.026	0.038
Marital status (%)
Never married	0.590	0.609		0.590	0.578		0.424	0.430		0.427	0.487
Separated/Divorced	0.388	0.349		0.388	0.406		0.555	0.549		0.556	0.481
Married	0.022	0.043		0.022	0.017		0.021	0.022		0.018	0.032
Parent education, employment, and income
Received high school degree or GED (%)	0.582	0.618		0.582	0.634		0.508	0.575		0.254	0.237
Employed in year prior to random assignment (%)	0.610	0.516	*	0.610	0.543		0.310	0.272		0.278	0.298
Earnings in year prior to random assignment (in $1,000s)	2.728	2.113		2.728	2.621		1.876	1.723		1.537	1.414
Length of AFDC receipt prior to random assignment (yrs)	2.740	2.762		2.740	2.650	*	2.665	2.673		2.748	2.739
Family composition and child age
Focal child's age (yrs)	4.298	4.310		4.298	4.291		4.140	4.150		4.160	4.085
Average age of youngest child (yrs)	3.037	2.973		3.037	3.067		3.563	3.488	*	3.559	3.503
Average number of children in family	2.125	2.122		2.125	2.041		2.142	2.318		2.277	2.320
Sample size	730	728		730	658		1,293	603		853	729

Note. t tests were applied to differences between the experimental and control group covariates. FTP = Florida's Family Transition Program; LA–GAIN = Los Angeles Jobs-First Greater Avenues for Independence Evaluation; Exp = experimental group; Sig = significance of the difference between the control and experimental groups; GED = general equivalency diploma; AFDC = Aid to Families with Dependent Children; SSP = Self-Sufficiency Project; MFIP = Minnesota Family Investment Program; NEWWS = National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies; LFA = Labor Force Attachment experimental group; HCD = Human Capital Development experimental group.

^*p < .10.

^**p < .05.

^***p < .01.