Table 1. National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies Child Outcomes Study Sample Characteristics at Baseline by Site and Experimental Status.
| Baseline characteristic | Atlanta | Riverside | Grand Rapids | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | HCD | LFA | Control | HCDa | LFA | Control | HCD | LFA | |
| Demographic information | |||||||||
| Currently married (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Never married (%) | 30 | 29 | 24* | 56 | 51 | 60 | 56 | 51 | 60 |
| Age | 28.9 | 28.6 | 29.2 | 28.9 | 29.3 | 29.5 | 26.3 | 26.8 | 26.88 |
| No. of children | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.3* | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.11 |
| Black (%) | 96 | 95 | 94 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 39 | 36 | 42 |
| Hispanic (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 43 | 32 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Earnings in prior year | 1,187 | 932 | 905* | 1,445 | 1,113 | 1,663 | 2,087 | 2,179 | 1,772 |
| No. of months receiving AFDC in prior year | 10 | 10 | 10* | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8.45 |
| Average AFDC payment in prior year ($) | 256 | 265 | 266* | 489 | 535 | 485 | 360 | 330 | 354 |
| Focal child age | 3.93 | 3.98 | 3.93 | 3.66 | 3.63 | 3.6 | 2.97 | 3.01 | 2.98 |
| Boy (%) | 49 | 46 | 53 | 47 | 49 | 53 | 51 | 50 | 47 |
| Educational attainment | |||||||||
| No educational degree (%) | 35 | 35 | 40 | 50 | 73 | 41* | 42 | 36 | 37 |
| Highest degree GED/HS diploma (%) | 56 | 58 | 54 | 46 | 25 | 53* | 53 | 59 | 60 |
| Highest degree vocational or 2-year degree (%) | 7 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Sample size | 506 | 520 | 396 | 486 | 256 | 208 | 216 | 205 | 225 |
Note. HCD = Human Capital Development; LFA = Labor Force Attachment; AFDC = Aid to Families With Dependent Children.
a
By design, mothers who were not considered in need of basic education could not be randomly assigned to the HCD group in Riverside, and consequently the HCD members are compared only to members of the control group who were also found to be in need of basic education.
*
Statistically significant differences between treatment and control groups; p < .05.