Table 2. First- and Second-Stage Results for Single-Variable Instrumental Variables Model of Months in Adult Basic Education on Children's Cognitive and School Outcomes.
| Independent variable | Atlanta HCD | OLS | IV |
|---|---|---|---|
| First stage | |||
| Months of education | 2.32** | ||
| SE | 0.34 | ||
| 95% CI | 1.66, 2.99 | ||
| F statistic for instruments | 46.94** | ||
| Partial R2 | .05 | ||
| Sample size | 977 | ||
| Second stage | |||
| Model 1—BBCS/SRC scores | |||
| Months of education | 0.06 | 0.35 | |
| SE | 0.05 | 0.25 | |
| 95% CI | −0.05, 0.17 | −0.14, 0.84 | |
| Sample size | 977 | 977 | |
| Model 2—Academic problems | |||
| Months of education | 0.00 | −0.01 | |
| SE | 0.00 | 0.01 | |
| 95% CI | 0.00, 0.00 | −0.03, 0.00 | |
| Sample size | 974 | 974 | |
Note. Covariates included are educational attainment and participation at baseline, race, child gender, maternal and child age, prior welfare receipt, maternal numeracy and literacy skills, marital status, number of children, prior earnings, access to social support, the number of barriers to employment, number of risk factors, and mothers' locus of control. HCD = Human Capital Development; OLS = ordinary least squares; IV = instrumental variables; CI = confidence interval; BBCS/SRC = Bracken Basic Concept Scale/School Readiness Composite (Bracken, 1984).
**
p < .01.