TABLE 1.

SUMMARY OF BIOMATERIALS USED FOR ¹H-NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE METABOLIC ANALYSIS IN VARIOUS AREAS OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH

Biofluid	Required Sample Handling
Urine	Add deuterated phosphate buffer to 0.5–3 ml urine
Blood	For 0.5 ml of heparinized blood product:
Plasma	only deuterium oxide addition (lock)
Serum	acetonitrile addition (protein precipitation)
	methanol/chloroform extraction (lipid separation)
CSF	Addition of deuterium oxide to 0.5 Ml CSF
EPS	Add deuterium oxide to 0.03–0.10 Ml EPS
Bile	Add deuterated methanol to 0.5 ml bile
Saliva	Add deuterium oxide to 0.5 ml saliva (usually obtained after chewing a polyester tampon for 60 s)
Sputum	Add deuterium oxide (0.1 ml) to 0.5 ml sputum
BALF	Add deuterium oxide to 0.5 ml BALF
EBC	Volatile substances in 3–4 ml condensates (sampled using an EcoScreen condenser) removed by nitrogen stream; deuterium oxide (0.1 ml) is then added to 0.6 ml of EBC
Tissue	Add 0.01 mL deuterium oxide to 3–10 g tissue in MAS rotor
	Perchloric acid extraction on 20–200 mg frozen tissue
	Methanol/chloroform extraction on 20–200 mg frozen tissue

Definition of abbreviations: BALF = bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; CSF = cerebral spinal fluid; EBC = exhaled breath condensate; EPS = expressed prostatic excretions; MAS = magic angle spinning.