Table 2. Clinical characteristics of all patients, patients without morphometric vertebral fractures, SDI≥1 and SDI≥5.
| All (n = 372) | SDI = 0 (n = 196) | SDI≥1 (n = 176) | SDI≥5 (n = 51) | *P | #P | |
| Age (years) | 68.0±8.5 | 65.3±8.1 | 71.1±7.8 | 75.2±6.1 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| YSM (years) | 18 (1–50) | 16 (1–44) | 22.5 (3–50) | 27 (8–50) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.0 (16–41) | 23 (16–41) | 23 (16–36) | 24 (16–36) | 0.374 | 0.160 |
| Calcium intake (mg/day) | 636±404 | 640±382 | 632±429 | 596±458 | 0.861 | 0.486 |
| n. of pts with calcium intake≤300 mg/day (%) | 73 (19.6) | 32 (16.3) | 41 (23.3) | 16 (31.4) | 0.116 | 0.027 |
| n. of pregnancies | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (0–4) | 0.795 | 0.383 |
| BF months | 3 (0–72) | 3 (0–60) | 3 (0–72) | 3 (0–72) | 0.255 | 0.352 |
| n. of smokers (%) | 57 (15.3) | 28 (14.3) | 29 (16.5) | 5 (9.8) | 0.568 | 0.494 |
| n. of ex-smokers (%) | 38 (10.2) | 22 (11.2) | 16 (9.1) | 4 (7.8) | 0.608 | 0.613 |
| n. of patients consuming alcohol ≥3 units/day (%) | 124 (33.3) | 63 (32.1) | 61 (34.7) | 19 (37.3) | 0.660 | 0.507 |
| n. of patients with previous clinical fracture (%) | 33 (8.9) | 14 (7.1) | 19 (10.8) | 10 (19.6) | 0.273 | 0.014 |
| n. of patients with familiar history of hip fracture (%) | 64 (17.2) | 35 (17.9) | 29 (16.5) | 9 (17.6) | 0.784 | 1.000 |
| n. of patients with kidney stones (%) | 17 (4.6) | 10 (5.1) | 7 (4.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0.630 | 0.468 |
| n. of patients with arterial hypertension (%) | 110 (29.6) | 47 (24.0) | 63 (35.8) | 20 (39.2) | 0.017 | 0.035 |
| n. of patients with dyslipidemia (%) | 55 (14.8) | 35 (17.9) | 20 (11.4) | 2 (3.9) | 0.081 | 0.014 |
| n. of patients with gastric/esophagus disease (%) | 84 (22.6) | 47 (24.0) | 37 (21.0) | 8 (15.7) | 0.536 | 0.258 |
| n. of patients with anxiety/depression (%) | 50 (13.4) | 33 (16.8) | 17 (9.7) | 9 (17.6) | 0.048 | 0.837 |
| n. of patients with COPD (%) | 14 (3.8) | 4 (2.0) | 10 (5.7) | 5 (9.8) | 0.099 | 0.020 |
| n. of patients with Osteoarthritis (%) | 80 (21.5) | 46 (23.5) | 34 (19.3) | 11 (21.6) | 0.377 | 0.854 |
| n. of patients with T2D (%) | 14 (3.8) | 8 (4.3) | 6 (3.4) | 1 (2.0) | 0.791 | 0.690 |
| n. of patients with Low BMD (T-score ≤−2.5) (%) | 242 (65.1) | 127 (64.8) | 115 (65.3) | 35 (68.6) | 1.000 | 0.741 |
| SDI | 0 (0–24) | 0 (0–0) | 2 (1–24) | 8 (5–24) |
Data are expressed as mean±SD, and median (range) for not normally distributed variables, if not differently specified.
*SDI = 0 vs SDI≥1; #SDI = 0 vs SDI≥5; SDI: Spinal Deformity Index; YSM: Years since menopause; BMI: Body Mass Index: weight (Kg)/height 2 (m2); BF: breast feeding expressed in months; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; T2D: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; SDI: Spinal Deformity Index calculated according to the method described by Crans (see Methods);