Table 2.
Select Characteristics of Control Subjects by mtDNA Copy Number (Quintiles) †
| Characterisitic | MtDNA Copy Number Quintiles |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 ≤94.6 |
Q2 >94.6-≤113.3 |
Q3 >113.3-≤132.8 |
Q4 >132.8-≤158.0 |
Q5 >158.0 |
|
| mtDNA Copy Number‡, § | 83.2 | 104.2 | 123.6 | 144.5 | 186.2 |
| Age, years § | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 |
| Height, cm § | 174 | 173 | 174 | 173 | 173 |
| BMI c (units) | 26.4 | 26.5 | 26.1 | 26.4 | 26 |
| Smoking history | |||||
| Cigarettes smoked per day | 20.5 | 18.8 | 19.3 | 18.8 | 18 |
| Years of smoking | 36.4 | 37 | 35.9 | 35.5 | 35.1 |
| Pack-years of smoking | 38.2 | 34.9 | 35 | 34.1 | 32.4 |
| Medical history, % | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 3.8 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 3.1 | 2.5 |
| Pancreatitis | 2.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Gallstones | 10.5 | 7.5 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 5.9 |
| Peptic | |||||
| Ulcers | 20.3 | 15 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 18.6 |
| Primary education or less, % | 79 | 75.9 | 81 | 75.4 | 78 |
| Living in city, % | 45.9 | 46.6 | 51.4 | 40.8 | 54.2 |
| Daily dietary intake § | |||||
| Energy, kcal | 2610 | 2713 | 2659 | 2662 | 2700 |
| Total fat, g∥ | 124 | 121 | 121 | 122 | 125 |
| Saturated fat, g∥ | 53 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 |
| Carbohydrate, g∥ | 268 | 266 | 272 | 269 | 270 |
| Protein, g∥ | 94 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 94 |
| Folated, ug | 333 | 348 | 342 | 336 | 344 |
| Alcohol, g | 15.8 | 20.2 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 13.8 |
| Physical Activity, % | |||||
| Occupational activity | |||||
| Sedentary | 10.5 | 16.5 | 9.2 | 18.5 | 12.7 |
| Moderate | 36.8 | 35.3 | 30.3 | 28.5 | 33.9 |
| Heavy | 7.5 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 5.6 | 6.1 |
| Not working | 45.9 | 41.4 | 51.4 | 43.1 | 42.4 |
| Leisure activity | |||||
| Sedentary | 37.6 | 39.1 | 27.5 | 41.5 | 34.8 |
| Light or moderate | 53.4 | 54.9 | 60.6 | 51.5 | 55.9 |
| Exercising to keep fit | 9 | 6 | 12 | 6.9 | 9.3 |
| Serum levels-Baseline § | |||||
| AT, ug/L | 12.1 | 12.4 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 11.9 |
| BC, ug/L | 230 | 214 | 228 | 233 | 230 |
| Retinol, ug/L | 565 | 602 | 583 | 607 | 588 |
| Serum-post-intervention **, § | |||||
| AT, ug/L | 18.1 | 17.7 | 17.6 | 18.4 | 18.2 |
| BC, ug/L | 2953 | 3167 | 3615 | 2961 | 3043 |
| Retinol, ug/L | 588 | 611 | 585 | 630 | 597 |
| Randomization Group | |||||
| Alpha-Tocopherol (AT) | 33.8 | 19.6 | 30.3 | 23.9 | 19.5 |
| Beta-Carotene (BC) | 21.1 | 30.1 | 23.3 | 24.6 | 25.4 |
| AT and BC | 21.8 | 23.3 | 23.2 | 23.9 | 29.7 |
| Placebo | 23.3 | 27.1 | 23.2 | 27.7 | 25.4 |
†
Based on Total number of controls n=656
‡
Units of measurement=number of copies of mitochondrial DNA per cell
§
Mean values unless otherwise noted
∥
Adjusted by total energy intake. Number of controls=609.
**
Number of controls=642; Post intervention serum measures limited to subjects in the intervention arm only