Table 2.
Eicasanoids Levels in Normal Mucosa in Participants at Normal Risk for Colorectal Cancer {Mean (SD)a}
| Placebo, n =16 | Ginger, n =14 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eicosanoid | Baseline | 28-day follow-up | Mean % Change (SD) BTWN Baseline and Week 4e | Baseline | 28-day follow-up | Mean % Change (SD) BTWN Baseline and Week 4 | p-value |
| Normalized to Protein (pg/μg)
| |||||||
| PGE2 | 9.1 (10.5) | 8.6 (6.9) | 31.9 (89.8) | 12.9 (10.1) | 10.8 (10.0) | −6.7 (51.6) | 0.16b |
| 5-HETE | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.9 (1.1) | 54.9 (190.5) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.9) | 29.8 (110.7) | 0.67b |
| 12-HETE | 0.8 (0.7) | 1.5 (2.8) | 71.5 (158.8) | 0.8 (0.6) | 1.3 (2.1) | 47.5 (175.4) | 0.70b |
| 15-HETE | 7.4 (5.0) | 12.7 (22.0) | 63.3 (171.0) | 8.2 (5.1) | 11.4 (19.3) | 15.3 (109.8) | 0.31c |
| 13-HODE | 22.1 (15.4) | 22.4 (15.3) | 17.7 (75.0) | 32.8 (21.8) | 27.7 (23.1) | 2.1 (80.1) | 0.34c |
| AA (ng/pg) | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.6) | 24.1 (84.7) | 0.7 (0.3) | 1.3 (1.3) | 163.6 (384.8) | 0.17b |
|
| |||||||
| Normalized to Arachidonic Acid (ng/μg)
| |||||||
| PGE2 | 13.1 (11.5) | 11.5 (7.6) | 26.4 (96.0) | 18.2 (12.1) | 12.9 (12.2) | −28.0 (37.9) | 0.05b |
| 5-HETE | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.0 (0.6) | 21.5 (58.5) | 1.2 (0.8) | 10.4 (0.7) | −1.9 (51.5) | 0.09c |
| 12-HETE | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.0) | 41.0 (57.8) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1.3 (1.1) | 7.8 (77.9) | 0.06c |
| 15-HETE | 9.3 (5.9) | 11.2 (7.9) | 26.7 (61.7) | 11.0 (6.1) | 9.6 (8.2) | −15.8 (43.2) | 0.04c |
| 13-HODE | 37.1 (34.2) | 32.5 (20.8) | 9.7 (69.8) | 50.6 (34.4) | 38.1 (32.3) | −16.1 (43.8) | 0.24b |
SD = ± standard deviation
Independent t-test or
Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate, on the difference between mean percent change between baseline and day 28
A = Arachidonic acid; PGE2 = prostaglandin E2; 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE = 5-, 12- & 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; 13-HODE = 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids
Mean percent change between baseline and week 4 is calculated as ((eicosanoid at time 2/ eicosanoid at time 1)/eicosanoid at time 1)) per participant and then an average is obtained. Mean percent change may not appear reflective of change in baseline and 28-day follow-up mean values. This is due to the large amount of variability in the baseline measures.