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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2011 Sep 21;106(12):2204–2213. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03533.x

Table 3.

Regression coefficients showing the pattern of change over time in reported endorsement of light beliefs for the four countries.

Effect sizes (compared with Wave 1)a
Wave 1 Wave 2 Wave 3 Wave 4 Wave 5 Wave 6 Wave 7
Canada Reference −.009 .023 −.025 −.117*** −.052 −.050
US Reference −.028 −.163*** −.261*** −.276*** −.226*** −.204***
UK Reference −.032 −.344*** −.243*** −.329*** −.237*** −.267***
Australia Reference .009 −.069** −.184*** −.402*** −.407*** −.318***

Note: Regression coefficients were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, baseline income, baseline education, cigarette per day at each wave, smoking status at each wave, quit recency at each wave, and also wave of recruitment/cohort; Main effect for country, wave and their interaction, were all significant at p<.001;

*

p<.05;

**

p<.01;

***

p<.001

a

A negative coefficient indicates a decline, while a positive coefficient indicates an increase, in level of endorsement of the Light beliefs (relative to that of the reference wave, where the regression coefficient is set to zero). The size of the regression coefficients indicates their effect sizes.