Table 1.
Characteristics of 294 households and 352 children in 29 study villages in Orissa, India*
| Characteristics | Flooded (n=13) | Non-flooded (n=16) |
| Household variables | ||
| No of households with any children 6–59 months measured | 158 | 136 |
| Total no of persons residing in household, mean (SD) | 7.2 (2.8) | 7.5 (2.9) |
| No of children younger than 5 years | ||
| 1 | 116 (73.9) | 97 (71.3) |
| ≥2 | 41 (26.1) | 39 (28.7) |
| Occupation | ||
| Not working | 14 (8.9) | 16 (11.8) |
| Non-manual | 29 (18.4) | 16 (11.8) |
| Agricultural | 50 (31.6) | 55 (40.4) |
| Manual | 65 (41.1) | 49 (36.0) |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu | 114 (72.2) | 135 (99.3) |
| Muslim | 44 (27.8) | 1 (0.7) |
| Caste | ||
| Scheduled caste | 33 (21.9) | 17 (12.1) |
| Other backward class | 38 (25.2) | 81 (57.4) |
| General class | 36 (23.8) | 42 (29.8) |
| Other | 44 (29.1) | 1 (0.7) |
| Annual income, 1000 Indian rupees | ||
| ≤3 | 18 (11.5) | 16 (11.8) |
| >3–6 | 63 (40.1) | 67 (49.3) |
| >6–9 | 24 (15.3) | 30 (22.1) |
| >9 | 52 (33.1) | 23 (16.9) |
| Source of drinking-water (at the time of the interview) | ||
| Tap in house | 1 (0.6) | 7 (5.1) |
| Tube well | 103 (65.2) | 111 (81.6) |
| Communal tap | 2 (1.3) | 8 (5.9) |
| Protected dug well | 1 (0.6) | 10 (7.4) |
| Surface water | 51 (32.3) | 0 (0) |
| Storage of cooked food | ||
| Open container | 15 (9.5) | 14 (10.4) |
| Closed container | 140 (88.6) | 119 (88.1) |
| Refrigerator | 3 (1.9) | 2 (1.5) |
| Child variables | ||
| No of children 6–59 months measured | 191 | 161 |
| Height-for-age, no (%) | ||
| Stunting, Z score <−2 | 74 (38.7) | 37 (23.0) |
| Severe stunting, Z score <−3 | 29 (15.2) | 14 (8.7) |
| Weight-for-age†, no (%) | ||
| Underweight, Z score <−2 | 40 (20.9) | 21 (13.1) |
| Severe underweight, Z-score <−3 | 11 (5.8) | 7 (4.4) |
| Weight-for-height,‡ no (%) | ||
| Wasting, Z score <−2 | 23 (12.2) | 19 (11.9) |
| Severe wasting, Z score <−3 | 8 (4.3) | 8 (5.0) |
| Birth weight, kg | ||
| <2.7 | 87 (45.5) | 86 (53.4) |
| ≥2.7 | 104 (54.5) | 75 (46.6) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 81 (42.4) | 76 (47.2) |
| Male | 110 (57.6) | 85 (52.8) |
| Age, months§ | 30.0 (1.0) | 32.1 (1.1) |
| Immunisation coverage¶ | ||
| Total | 22 (11.5) | 42 (26.1) |
| Partial | 169 (88.5) | 119 (73.9) |
Information for income, household size and number of children younger than 5 years could not be determined in one household of a flooded village. The caste of one household in a flooded village and one household in a non-flooded village could not be determined. The type of storage of cooked food in one household of a non-flooded village could not be obtained. Description of variables is the absolute number of household or children associated with each characteristic (percentage of the total) except where otherwise indicated.
One observation with missing data was excluded from the analyses in the non-flooded cohort.
Four observations with missing data were excluded from the analyses in the flooded cohort and one in the non-flooded cohort.
Child age is reported as mean (SE).
Total immunisation includes children vaccinated, confirmed with vaccination card, against polio (OPV, three doses), tuberculosis (BCG, 1 dose), measles (MCV, 1 dose), hepatitis B (HEPB, three doses), diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DPT, three doses).