Fig. 8.

Viperin protein expression in the CNS after WNV infection. Wild-type mice were infected with 10¹ PFU WNV via intracranial injection. At day 6, tissues were harvested and processed as described in Materials and Methods. (A to G) Fixed, frozen sections from the cerebral cortex (A); hippocampus (B); cerebellum (C); brain stem (D); and cervical (E), thoracic (F), and lumbar (G) spinal cord were costained for WNV antigen (red), viperin (green), and the nuclear stain ToPro-3 (blue). Images are representative of 4 to 6 wild-type mice. Arrows define cells that were WNV infected and stained positive for viperin, whereas arrowheads denote cells that stained positive for viperin but were not appreciably infected. (H to J) Representative images from WNV-infected viperin^−/− cerebral cortex (H) and thoracic spinal cord (I) and mock-infected wild-type cerebellum (J) were also included as staining controls. Bars indicate a 20-μm scale.