Activation and p-ERK1/2-refractory phenotypes in CD8+ T cells. (A) Frequency of CD8+ CD38, HLA-DR, and Tim-3 Boolean-gated subsets in HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-negative patients. (B) Frequency of each subset exhibiting the p-ERK1/2-refractory phenotype. n = 21 HIV− and 79 HIV+ patients. NS, not significant (P > 0.1); *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.0005.