Tumor DC and tumor leukocytes decrease following VSV treatment. (a) B16, E.G7, or TSA tumors were treated with parental VSV, and the proportion of CD11c+ DC in the tumor cell homogenate was evaluated by FACS at 24 h after injection (n = 3). (b) B16 tumors were treated with VSV and collected at time points −12 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 96 h after the first VSV injection, as well as 24 h after the second VSV injection. Cells were stained with different panels of antibodies and enumerated by flow cytometry using counting beads. Data are presented as absolute cell number in whole tumor to account for the neutrophil infiltration that would bias relative proportions (n = 4). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005.