Tumor DC fail to migrate to the draining lymph nodes after VSV infection. (a) Total leukocyte counts from tumor draining lymph nodes, contralateral lymph nodes, and peripheral blood from B16 tumor-bearing animals at different times following treatment (n = 4). (b) LPS-activated BMDC were labeled with CFSE and injected into B16 tumors at 4 h before or after VSV intratumoral injection. At 40 h later CD11c+ CFSE+ DC in draining lymph nodes were measured by FACS (n = 4). (c) B16 tumor lymphocytes were isolated by use of Ficoll gradients from Thy1.1 mice and adoptively transferred by intratumoral injection into identical B16 tumors in Thy1.2 mice; VSV was injected 4 h after adoptive transfer. Tumors and draining lymph nodes were collected 40 h later, and Thy1.1+ cells were monitored by FACS. (d) DC were isolated from B16 tumor draining lymph nodes at 24 h after VSV treatment and cocultured with CFSE-labeled OT1 T cells, and CFSE dilution in CD8+ cells was assessed by FACS. Fluorescence of DC is presented as a reference for fluorescence from non-OT1 cells. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005; ns, not significant.