Fig. 5.

Formation of DNA damage nuclear foci by primary Vprs competent for G₂ arrest. (A) HeLa cells were transfected with plasmids expressing HA-tagged Vpr, immunostained for Vpr (red) and γ-H2AX (green), and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Nuclei are shown in blue (DAPI [4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole] staining). Merge images reveal partial colocalization between nuclear Vpr foci and γ-H2AX. Images were acquired by confocal microscopy with a 63× objective. Shown are representative images of multiple fields. (B) HEK293T cells were cotransfected with plasmids expressing GFP- and HA-tagged Vpr. GFP⁺ cells were analyzed for cell cycle profiles as described in the Fig. 2 legend. Shown are mean G₂/G₁ ratios ± SD (n = 2 experiments) expressed as percentages of that obtained for HxB Vpr.