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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 15.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2011 Jun 22;198:232–244. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.048

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Parkinsonism-related changes in overall activity (‘rate model’) in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor circuit. Black arrows indicate inhibitory connections; gray arrows indicate excitatory connections. The thickness of the arrows corresponds to their presumed activity. Abbreviations: CM, centromedian nucleus of thalamus; CMA, cingulate motor area; Dir., direct pathway; D1, D2, dopamine receptor subtypes; Indir., indirect pathway; M1, primary motor cortex; Pf, parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus; PMC, premotor cortex; PPN, pedunculopontine nucleus; SMA, supplementary motor area. See text for other abbreviations. Reprinted, with permission, from Galvan and Wichmann (2008).