Table 2.

Socio-demographic correlates of stunting and thinness among primary school children in Lahore, Pakistan

	Total Sample (n = 1860)	Stunted < -2 SD height-for-age (n = 152)		Thin < -2 SD BMI-for-age (n = 188)
Characteristics	n (%)	n (%)	P value	n (%)	P value
Gender
Male	977 (52.5)	84 (8.6)	0.481	99 (10.1)	0.969
Female	883 (47.5)	68 (7.7)		89 (10.1)
Age
5-6 years (60-83 months)	460 (24.7)	19 (4.1)	< 0.001	52 (11.3)	0.003
7-8 years (84-107 months)	634 (34.1)	40 (6.3)		52 (8.2)
9-10 years (108-131 months)	579 (31.1)	58 (10.0)		52 (9.0)
11-12 years (132-155 months)	187 (10.1)	35 (18.7)		32 (17.1)
Area and socioeconomic status (SES)
Urban, high SES	465 (25.0)	13 (2.8)	< 0.001	23 (4.9)	< 0.001
Urban, middle SES	465 (25.0)	11 (2.4)		33 (7.1)
Urban, low SES	465 (25.0)	47 (10.1)		65 (14.0)
Rural, low/disadvantaged SES	465 (25.0)	81 (17.4)		67 (14.4)
Neighborhood income
Low	651 (35.0)	109 (16.7)	< 0.001	93 (14.3)	< 0.001
Middle	910 (48.9)	37 (4.1)		80 (8.8)
High	299 (16.1)	06 (2.0)		15 (5.0)
Parental education
Illiterate	366 (19.7)	51 (13.9)	< 0.001	55 (15.0)	< 0.001
High school	496 (26.7)	60 (12.1)		63 (12.7)
College	531 (28.5)	20 (3.8)		44 (8.3)
Higher education	467 (25.1)	21 (4.5)		26 (5.6)
Number of siblings
No	26 (1.4)	01 (3.8)	< 0.001	02 (7.7)	0.016
1-3	1008 (54.2)	51 (5.1)		84 (8.3)
> 3	826 (44.4)	100 (12.1)		102 (12.3)
Number of persons in child's living room
No	116 (6.2)	01 (0.9)	< 0.001	03 (2.6)	0.006
1-3	791 (42.5)	50 (6.3)		74 (9.4)
> 3	953 (51.2)	101 (10.6)		111 (11.6)
Smoking in living place
Yes	546 (29.4)	65 (11.9)	< 0.001	56 (10.3)	0.891
No	1314 (70.6)	87 (6.6)		132 (10.0)